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Sweden biomass pellet fuel industry evaluation<br>
Sweden is one of the globe's biggest wood pellet fuel producer and customer. It's wood pellet manufacturing innovation, industry policy, and also market version are prominent. In this passage, I will do detailed evaluation on Sweden biomass pellet fuel market, and also work out some helpful experiences.



Introduction

In the 1970s, many nations have actually made policies to advertise biomass power as a method to manage energy dilemma as well as environment air pollution. Since then, biomass energy market has actually established swiftly, as well as the modern technology keep enhancing.



Because of the absence of mineral resources, Sweden's economic climate experienced wonderful loss in last century. To ensure national power safety and security, Sweden federal government strive to establish renewable resource.



Biomass pellet fuel has the attributes of high burning performance, low ash web content, absolutely no carbon exhaust, very easy transportation, which has actually been preferred in Europe and also The United States And Canada. With abundant forestry sources, Sweden pay much focus to the advancement of biomass pellet fuel. Sweden takes up 20% of the globe's biomass fuel usage, which grows up at the rate of 8-10%.



Sweden forestry sources and also biomass products

Sweden has abundant forestry resources. The forest covers 64% of the acreage, with 51% owned by individuals, 24% by large wood firms, and 25% by countries and other public companies. Besides, the forestry expands by 100 million heaps every year, and also the logging amount is 92.4 million bunches. The major forestry sectors are wood processing, paper processing, as well as power wood. The wood products for making biomass energy mostly originated from the 3 sectors above, regarding 23.48 m3.



Raw materials of wood pellets

Of the raw products for making wood pellets, wood shavings occupy 53%, sawdust 35%, and wood chips 5%, others (barks, farming deposits, energy forestry) uses up 7%. Some tiny wood pellet manufacturing facility are developed base upon chipboard, furnishings and sawdust mills.




With more firms engaging in biomass fuel production, the competitors on the raw products become extra intense. As the crop straws in Sweden are in scattered distribution, they are hard to accumulate as well as refine. So some producers and institutes are creating new materials like peat as well as energy crops.



Wood pellet manufacturing technology and tools

The pellet molding technology has developed in Sweden. Nowadays, it has actually accomplished business as well as market manufacturing. The manufacturing process features high automation, calling for much less operators. The picture below displayed the wood pellet production process.



Drying: normally, the wetness material of sawdust is around 50%. A drum clothes dryer can reduce the moisture content to 9-12% so that it is gotten making pellets.

Crushing: the size of basic materials ought to be under 5mm. They need a hammer mill to minimize the dimension.

Conditioning: include high-heat vapor to the raw materials and also soften the cellulous in it. Over half of the pellet fuel manufacturers have conditioning process in production.

Pellet molding: the majority of wood pellet manufacturing facilities make use of vertical kind ring die pellet maker. The production ability of one equipment is 2-4ton/ h. The life span of ring die is 2000-3000h, while the roller can last 1000-1500h.

Air conditioning: the wood pellets extruded out from the pellet machine are at the temperature level of 100 ℃. Pellets under this problem are easy to break and also inconvenient for transportation. A counter-flow cooler can cool the wood pellets in a modest means.

Packaging: the cooled down pellets need to be classified as well as packaged according to customers' demand. Tiny bags are 16kg, large bags are 900kg. For big customers like power plant, the wood pellets are transported by vehicles as well as ships in bulks.

Biomass pellets classification and also application

In 1999, Sweden government published the standard of wood pellet fuel, in which they are classified right into 3 classes. The excellent has high quality. They can be utilized in domestic little burners as well as stoves.The 2nd and also third do not have top quality. They are used by large commercial consumers.



Presently, 57% of the wood pellet fuels in Sweden can satisfy this standard. Several of them can meet the EU requirement, others are not generated according to this requirement.



Wood pellet fuel can be used in little boilers, medium-scale and also large heating supply facility and also power plant. Presently, small fish feed pellet machine has 60% of wood pellet fuel for tiny and also medium heating central heating boilers and local heating supply facility, and 40% for huge heating supply facility as well as co-firing nuclear power plant.



From the 1970s to the 1990s, Sweden local home heating plant adopt coal to change oil. After the pass of CO2 exhaust tax, these home heating plant count on biomass fuel from coal. In the last years, the quantity of biomass fuel for home heating grows from 1.1 PJ to 57PJ. Presently, about 400 local heating plant has actually taken on wood pellet fuel.



Because the mid 1990s, residential wood pellet sector has made wonderful development. In the last years, making use of domestic home heating wood pellets grows rapidly. Presently, Sweden has 200,000 families making use of wood pellet central heating boilers, 40,000 family members making use of wood pellet ovens.



Sweden biomass power development goal and also policy

To advertise the constant development of biomass power, Sweden has made a series of legislations as well as policies. To guarantee the implement of these plans, the federal government likewise made lots of practical guidance procedures and necessary industry requirement.



Sweden not only accomplish the responsibility stipulated Kyoto Procedure that cut greenhouse discharge by 8%, however additionally established its own advancement objective of biomass power. In 2006, the Minister for sustainable development department declared that Sweden will totally utilize biofuels as well as quit using oil, as well as become the initial nation that entirely rely on renewable energy.



By 2020, Sweden will increase its percentage of renewable resource to 50%, the use ratio of renewable energy in transportation sector to 10%, energy effectiveness by 20%, and also cut the discharge of greenhouse gas by 40%.



Wood pellet fuel incentive policy

Sweden has actually accomplished high rate procurement, financial investment subsidies, tax obligation decrease and exception, quota system and other biomass power incentive policy.



Since 1975, Sweden invests 36 million Euro from federal government spending plan to support biomass innovation development. From 1997 to 2002, the government supplied 25% investment subsidy to biomass cogeneration tasks. From 2004-2006, the government supplied 1350 Euros for locals who use biomass heater.



Sweden normally lay high tax on fuels, powers, CARBON DIOXIDE, SO2, etc. To promote the development of biomass power, to excuse all taxes on biomass jobs. In 1991, Sweden federal government begins to lay tax on CO2 emission, which makes the rate of oil as well as fossil fuel rise. So many warm supply center and also power plants switches from fossil fuel to biomass fuel.



To motivate the power plant to make use of biomass power, Sweden federal government introduced electric power quota system. This policy calls for the power vendors to have certain section of power generated by renewable resource. For every 1MWh electrical power, the federal government will offer tax alleviation based on the biomass power amount.



Sweden wood pellet fuel burning tool

Sweden wood pellet burning innovation remains in the leading setting. There have mored than 20 pellet heater suppliers, over 50 kinds of wood pellet central heating boilers, 120,000 collections of pellet boilers, 20,000 sets of pellet ovens. As there are small feed pellet machine making use of electric heating, the pellet boilers have massive possibility.




Sweden pellet burning devices has central home heating central heating boiler and biomass stove 2 kinds.



Central heating central heating boiler can be used in 1 or even more family members. The thermal transfer with water. The powers are 10-40kw, which can be adjusted by 30% -100% according to needs. The central home heating central heating boilers also has 2 kinds. The mixed central heating boiler is linked by a pellet burner as well as a common boiler. The boiler can get in touch with various burners. The integrated boilers are generally imported from Austria and Germany, some created by domestic suppliers.



Biomass ovens or heater

Biomass cooktops additionally has 2 kinds. Independent pellet stove and Smokeshaft piece kind furnace. The previous on is a lot more popular. The independent pellet range has a pellet stock bin within, which can hold wood pellets for 2-day use.



Biomass pellet stove can understand automated filling and burning. Based on various feeding technique, pellet ovens has top feed, bottom feed and straight feed 3 types. Leading feed pellet stoves are one of the most popular. Owing to high comfort and also sanitation, tiny pellet stoves market well in the last few years.



Features of Sweden biomass fuel industry

Sweden has rich forestry sources and bountiful forestry waste, which come to be the primary basic materials for biomass pellets.

Sweden wood pellet market has been completely marketed. The majority of makers are big as well as medium firms, with mature innovation. Small wood pellet factories are primarily build on chipboard, furniture and saw mills.

The government has made thorough legislations and also policies to drive the wood pellet manufacturing. This is why the wood pellet sector creates quickly since the 1990s.

Standard for wood pellet fuel keep boosting. In the 1990s, Sweden published the criterion for wood pellets, as well as gauged the strategy day of pellet fuel as well as heaters.

Fully grown burning modern technology and also tools. Recently, Sweden's production of pellet boiler as well as pellet heating cooktops maintain boosting.

Perfect quality control system. Sweden federal government specified that the wood pellet fuel and also burning tools have to acquire third-party testing accreditations prior to going into the marketplace.



Final thought

Sweden is a significant wood pellet fuel producer and consumer in the world. Biomass energy plays a vital function in its manufacturing and also way of living. Around the globe, biomass pellets are mosting likely to play a more important role in home heating supply, power generation, and commercial production.


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