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Maharashtra is state in the Western Penisular region of India occupying substantial portion of the Deccan plateau. it is bordered by the Arabian sea to the west the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south Telangana to the south east and Chhattisgarh to the east Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh to the north and the Indian union territory of Dadra and Diu to the north west. Maharashtra populous state in India and the third most populous country subdivision the second most populous state in India and third most populous country subdivision globally. The state is divided into six divisions and 36 districts with the state capital being Mumbai the most populous urban area in India and Nagpur serving as the Winter capital. The Godavari and Krishna are the two Major rivers in the state and foreests Cover 16.47 percent of the states geographical area. The state is home to six UNESCO world heritage sites Ajanta caves, Ellora caves, Elephanta caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus the victorian Gothic and art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai and the Western ghats heritage site made up of individual properties , of which Four are in Maharashtra .
Maharashtra is the single largest Contributor to Indias economy with share of 14 percent in all India nominal GDP. The economy of Maharashtra is the largest in India with gross state domestic product of . The service Sector dominates the states economy accounting for 69.3 percent of the value of the out put of the country. Although agriculture accounts for 12 percent of the state GDP it employs nearly half the population of the state . Maharashtra is one of the most industrialized states in India. The states capital Mumbai is Indias finacial and commercial capital. Indias largest stock exchange Bombay stock exchange , which is the second largest stock exchange in India and one of worlds largest derivatives exchanges. The state has played significant role in the countrys social and political life and is widely considered Leader in terms of agricultural and industrial production trade and transport and education . Maharashtra as the ninth highest ranking among Indian states in the human development index. The region that encompasses the state has History going back many millennia. Notable dynasties that ruled the region include the Asmaka's the Maurya's the Sattvavahana's the Western satraps. Numerous late Harappan, or Chalcolithic sites belonging to the Jore culture have been discovered through out the state. The largest settlement discovered of the culture is at Daima bad , which had mud fortification during this period as well as elliptical temple with fire pits . In the Late Harappan period from Gujarat to northern Maharashtra. Maharashtra was ruled by Maurya empire in the fourth and third centuries BCE. Around 230 BCE Maharashtra came Under the rule of the Sattvavahana dynasty , which ruled it for the next 400 years. The rule of Sattvavahana dynasty was followed by that of western Satraps , Gupta empire . The Buddhist Ajanta caves in present day Aurangabad display influences from the Sattvavahana and Vaka taka styles. The caves were possibly excavated during this period. The Chalukya dynasty ruled the region from the sixth to the eigth centuries CE and the two prominent rulers were Pulakesh in two, who defeated the Arab invaders in the eight century. The Rashtra Kuta dynasty ruled Maharashtra from the eighth to the tenth century. The Arab Traveller Sulaiman al Mahri described the Ruler of the Four grat kings of the world. Shibahara dynasty began as vassals of the Rashtakuta dynasty , which ruled the Deccan plateau between the eigth and tenth centuries. From the early 11th century to the 12th century the Deccan plateauj , which includes significant part of Maharashtra was dominated by the Western Chalukya empire and the Chola dynasty in the Deccan plateau during the reigns of Raja Chola . In the early 14th century the Yadava dynasty , which ruled most of the present day Maharashtra was Over thrown by the Delhi sultanate Ruler Alauddin Khaji . Later Muhammas bin Tughluq conquered parts of the Deccan and temporarily shifted his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Maharashtra. After the collaspe of the Tughluqs in 1347 the local Bahmani sultanate of Gulbarga Over governing the region for the 150 years. After the breakup of the Bahamani Sultanate in 1518 Maharashtra spilt into five Deccan sultanates. These kingdoms often fought with each Other united they decisively defeated the Vijayanagara empire of the south in 1565. The present