Notes

Chapter 1: Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following crimes causes the greatest fear in the minds of most Americans?
a. white-collar crimes
b. violent crimes
c. property crimes
d. morality crimes
Answer: b
2. Quantitative research typically involves __________________.
a. a conclusive legislative change in a law
b. descriptive and in-depth research on a specific group or location
c. diffusing salient issues between researchers
d. less detailed research on a large number of cases
Answer: d
3. Who signed the Patriot Act into law following the events of September 11th?
a. President Clinton
b. Supreme Court Justice O’Connor
c. President Bush
d. Senator Ted Kennedy
Answer: c


4. The Elusive Criminal Justice Experiment means that _______________.
a. a true classical experiment is hard to create in some areas of crime control
b. legislators are highly effective in creating social policy to eliminate crime
c. social phenomena such as crime is relatively simple to measure and thus produces a
concrete field for study
d. criminologists lack the expertise to properly identify and study a macro-level crime problem
Answer: a


5. Crime control policies that push crime into other neighborhoods is a problem known as
a. diffusion.
b. displacement.
c. redirection.
d. confusion.
Answer: b


6. Which of the following terms denotes researchers who have an interest in receiving funding to research a hot topic?
a. bandwagon science
b. original research
c. academic crusader
d. cross-sectional researcher
Answer: a


7. Targeting low-level crimes, such as street-level drug dealing and prostitution, in an effort to deter more serious crime is known as the ______________________.
a. fractured society theory
b. fragmented circle theory
c. broken windows theory
d. collapsed neighborhood theory
Answer: c


8. A private foundation supplying a criminal justice agency with funding is providing _______________.
a. solution funding
b. soft money
c. hard money
d. research shortage funding
Answer: b

9. Which type of science would evaluate the DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) program?
a. soft sciences
b. determinate sciences
c. hard sciences
d. indeterminate sciences
Answer: a

10. A method used to determine whether an approach to the crime problem is a success or failure is called ______________________.
a. process evaluation
b. learning outcomes
c. methodology analysis
d. outcome evaluation
Answer: d


11. Micro-level crime control is ______________________.
a. one that affects many people
b. concerned with large numbers of individuals
c. more isolated geographically
d. seen as affecting an entire state or nation
Answer: c

12. Which of the following is not a type of displacement?
a. spatial
b. vector
c. tactical
d. target
Answer: b

13. Science used by someone to advance his or her own political priorities is known as a(n) ________________.
a. academic attention getter
b. academic lobbyist
c. academic crusade.
d. academic bias
Answer: c


14. A person who evades paying taxes is committing what type of crime?
a. white-collar crime
b. violent crime
c. property crime
d. morality crime
Answer: a


15. Determining whether the addition of more patrol officers reduces crime in a specific beat or precinct, is an example of ______________________.
a. input
b. output
c. evaluation.
d. summation
Answer: c


16. Which of the following seeks to use the most rigorous scientific methodology available to identify and implement crime control techniques that are most likely to make best use of taxpayer monies?
a. bandwagon science
b. methodology analysis
c. evidence-based justice
d. hard checks
Answer: c


17. There is a great deal that we can do to effectively control crime, and the odds are that ______________________________________ will do the most to make society safer.
a. vigilante forces
b. several approaches combined together
c. one main approach
d. tunnel vision
Answer: b


18. What type of legislation is intended to both prevent and control crime?
a. preventative
b. malicious
c. Robert’s
d. three-strikes
Answer: d


19. If someone surveys several people today and finds that there is a relationship between fear of crime and prior victimization, this is a ________________________.
a. cross-sectional design
b. correlative quotient
c. cognitive design
d. quotient design
Answer: a


20. The ___________________ is concerned with the extent to which a researcher’s findings can be carried over to another location or series of locations.
a. cross-sectional design
b. methodology analysis
c. generalization problem
d. bandwagon approach
Answer: c



Chapter 1: True or False
1. The mass media heightens people’s fear of crime.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a


2. As crime rates decline, people tend to express less fear of being a crime victim.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b

3. Public order crimes such as prostitution, pornography, gambling and substance abuse are called vice crimes.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a

4. Tax evasion is a white-collar crime.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a

5. Criminology is called a hard science.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b

6. Longitudinal studies take place at a single point in time.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b


7. An academic crusade involves the practice of convincing others that one approach to crime control is superior to another.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a


8. Decriminalization expands the number of activities that are defined as criminal.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b


9. Three-strikes legislation is solely intended to control crime and not to prevent it.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b

10. Crime reduction policies can cause criminal activity to be displaced.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a


11. Targeting low-level crimes, such as street-level drug dealing and prostitution, in an effort to deter more serious crime is known as the Broken Windows Theory.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a

12. Determining whether the addition of more patrol officers reduces crime in a specific beat or precinct, is an example of evaluation.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a

13. Violent crimes cause the greatest fear in the minds of most Americans.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a


14. The Generalization Problem is concerned with the extent to which a researcher’s findings can be carried over to another location or series of locations.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a


15. Hard science would evaluate the DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) program.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b