Notes

LESSON 1
Analyzing Visual and Multimedia Elements

When you are reading something, you may sometimes notice the inclusion of illustrations or pictures, videos, animations, audio clips, and other forms of supplementary media that add color and meaning to the text you are reading.

Visual elements are incorporated in texts to aid the readers in identifying their purpose. Pictures, illustrations, diagrams, and comic strips are examples of visual elements. They add beauty and color to the text.

Multimedia elements, on the other hand, consist of various digital media such as videos, audio clips, sound effects, and in- teractive images. These elements allow the readers to use their senses to fully grasp the meaning of the text.

Analyzing the visual and multimedia elements in the text you are reading will help you understand its overall theme and tone. These elements also allow you to establish a connection with the author's message.






Writing Paragraphs Showing Comparison and Contrast

In some cases, you are asked to evaluate two concepts or ideas and present their similarities and differences. The comparison and contrast paragraph is used to inform the reader about the relationship of the concepts presented.

The following signal words can be used to show comparison and contrast in your paragraph.


Comparison

similar/is similar to/

similarly

both

however to

differ

also

too

on the contrary/in contrast

as well

on the other hand

the same as

but

have in common in the same way

whereas while

as




Contrast



although

even though

yet

instead

The following should be observed in writing comparison and contrast paragraphs.





1. Identify your topic. Think of two topics or concepts that you want to compare and contrast.

2. Identify the similarities and differences of your top- ics. Research and gather information about the top- ics. You may write it in an outline or use a graphic organizer to gather your thoughts. A Venn diagram is a graphic organizer that can help you sort your ideas.
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The problem and solution paragraph aims to identify and investigate a problem, gather supporting evidence, and present plausible solutions. It is a kind of persuasion to convince the reader to make a stand or take action about a certain topic.

The following are steps in writing problem and solution

paragraphs.

1. Identify the problem. In order to write a problem- solution composition, you must first choose a topic you are familiar with. Then, identify the problem/s about your chosen topic. Make sure that you are interested to find solutions to the problem/s.

2. Gather relevant information about the problem. Once you have chosen the problem you want to discuss in your composition, the next step is to re- search about it. In order to present solutions, you must be familiar with the problem first.

3. Research on solutions to the problem. The solutions should be specific, realistic, and doable. Make sure that the solutions you are proposing are clear and can be implemented. You can also write steps how the solution can be implemented.

4. Organize your ideas. You may write an outline or use a graphic organizer to sort your ideas.

5. Present your ideas through cohesive paragraphs. Make sure that the ideas in the introduction, sup- porting paragraphs, and conclusion show a well- written presentation of the problem/s and the pos- sible solution/s to the problem/s.
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Writing Paragraphs Showing Cause- and-Effect Relationships

and-effect paragraph or also called reason and result paragraphs is used to show the reason or the cause of an event and its result or effect. This kind of writing is used to show the "why" and "how" of an event or issue. In writing cause-and-effect paragraphs, it is important to show the organized flow of ideas.

The following signal words can be used to write a cause- and-effect paragraph.

Cause

because

for

thus

since

to result from

hence

SO

because of

consequently

the effect of

Effect

as a result

therefore

The following should be observed in writing cause-and-ef- fect paragraphs.

1. Identify your topic. Your topic should be relevant and relatable to your target readers.

2. Research about your topic. Gather relevant informa- tion about your topic. Research for its causes and ef- fects.

3. Use outlines or graphic organizers to organize your

ideas. Through this, you can easily see the flow of your

ideas. This will also help you in composing your para-

graphs.

4. Use appropriate signal words. Signal words are used to show the connection of ideas in your composition. You may refer to the table above for examples.

5. Present your ideas through cohesive paragraphs. En- sure that the ideas in the introduction, supporting par- agraphs, and conclusion present a well-written presentation of the cause/s and the possible effect/s.