Notes

Wood pellets market and also market in Canada<br>
Drives of biomass energy development

Biomass sector experts mention 3 drives in Canada: ecological pressure, management objectives of sustainnable forestry, and also rate benefits.



Biomass gas are carbon neutral. Plants take in CO2 in its growth and also produce the very same amount of carbon dioxide in burning, so they does not include added greenhouse gases to the environment. Besides, biomass power can lower using coal, gas and oil, which is the souce of greenhouse gases.



Lasting forestry is a common objective of all public lands in Canada. It considers woodland health and wellness, wild animals habitat and also biodiversity in the expedition of forestry resources. From economic possibility, lasting forestry administration aims to use all materials in the most effective means, consisting of wood wast. However, it is not a good idea to transform all forestry waste into biomass power. In some cases it is handy to leave some wood waste in the forestry to shield wild animals environments as well as advertise soil nutrients regeneration.



When the price of standard fuels go down, biomass power will certainly shed benefits. The cost competitors makes the manufacturers establish much more effective methods to refine biomass power, specifically to lower the cost of raw mateirals transportation. By controling the manufacturing expense, biofuels are affordable with typical gas. For instance, if the price of a barrel of oil is more than $17, biomass power is much more affordable.



Renewable resource motivation policy

The manufacturing as well as consumption of wood pellets in Canada is driven by global demand and also domestic policy. Canadian Federal federal government has actually drawn a plan to quit making use of coals by 2030, and also increase the ratio of renewable resource in power generation to 90%.



Presently, coal power contributes 10% of the complete greenhouse gas emission in Canada. Coal plants are mostly located in Alberta( 10 ), Saskatchewan( 2 ), New Brunswick( 1 ), and also Nova Scotia. According to the policy, New Brunswick and also Alberta declare to gradually eliminate coals by 2030, and also transform a number of coal-fired nuclear power plant into co-fired or biomass power plant.



In property heating market, the firewood stove substitute task in Nova scotia, Quebec, brand-new Brunswick, British Columbia, and also Ontario will increase the residential wood pellet market. （ HPBAC ， 2016 ）.



Wood pellet production in Canada.

In 2010, Canada can produce 2 million lots of wood pellets every year. The wood pellet factories can generate 1.3 Mt, representing 65% of the residential complete production, as well as export 1.2 Mt of them. In 2011, the manufacturing rise to 1.5 Mt, with 1.3 Mt for export.In 2012, the production capacity has actually reached up 3Mt. Form 2015-2016, the wood pellet production rises by 1Mt annually. In 2016, Canada has 42 pellet manufacturing facility, with the manufacturing capability over 4Mt, as well as brand-new pellet manufacturing facilities are in building.



British Columbia generates over 150,000 wood pellets each year, making up 60% of the total manufacturing in Canada. The next are Ontario and also Quebec. The wood pellet factories in Ontario primarily offer domestic market, while the wood pellet factories in British Columbia serve abroad large-scale warmth nuclear power plant. Various other provinces have several little pellet factories mainly offering regional market, with the total production capacity around 50,000 bunches.



Biomass products in Canada.

In Canada, the biomass sources spread in those districts with reactive pulp, paper and forestry market, including Ontario, Alberta, Quebec, and New Brunswick. Biomass products such as barks, sawdust, wood chips, braches are used to make wood pellets, biogas, cellulosic ethanol, biodiesel, as well as bio-oil.



In the past, lots of paper mills has a specific area to create hog gas, the mixed barks and also wood wastes used to generate heat and also power. With increasingly more paper mills combine with saw mills in the 1990s, the wood wastes are transferred to the saw mills. In the last 10 years, with several saw mills close down, the source of wood waste decline dramatically, so forestry become a major source to acquire biomass materials.



Forestry biomass products can be gotten in different types. It is preferred to collect twigs, branches, needles, barks, etc, which is carried out in addition to logging, but the transportation cost is high. Besides, biomass originates from silvicultural thinning, right-of-way clearing up, sphagnum peat, or the residues after fire, condition and also bug bugs.



Tamarack and larch become preferred in biomass industry. They are not for making woodworks or papers, but appropriate for biomass gas production owing to high growth speed. They are going to be an affordable solution to produce sustainable power.



Wood pellets Export market.

The wood pellets in Canada are mainly exported to Europe (consisting of England as well as Belgium) and Asia (including Japan and Korean) and also household home heating market in America.Canadian Statistical Bureau reported the export statics of the last 4 years.



Thanks to place benefits, British Columbia has come to be the one of the very first wood pellet providers for Oriental and Japan Market. In the past years, Canada's wood pellets export has actually used up 2/3 of Japan's wood pellet import. (Strauss 2016).



In 2016, Canada's wood pellet export boosts by 46% as well as rise to 2.37 Mt. Japan added the biggest growth rate of 240%, and also England has the biggest development volume of 458,217 lot.( WPAC ， 2017).



In the future, the majority of wood pellets in Canada will keep on offering oversea market. Canadian wood pellet makers need to rely on Europe and also Asia market. In Asia, Korea is going to be a growing market, with many independent power manufacturers and also markets adopting wood pellets. Japan is most likely to have the fastest growth, with increasingly more coal-fired nuclear power plant to be transformed. hen feed making machine is anticipated to grow by 10-12Mt every year.



Wood pellets domestic intake.

Canada's domestic wood pellet consumption is 300,000 heaps yearly, primarily for residential home heating range and also the biomass power plants.



The domestic property home heating market will remain stable, or expand with the expanding cost of heating oil. The co-firing power plant will raise residential market. However machine for making chicken feed has to compete with other renewable resource such as solar and wind. Besides, wood pellets are acknowledged as pricey, whose advantages such as consistent dimension, storability, and also fluidness have not obtain due interest.




Biomass power generation in Canada.

Canada National Energy Board just recently published a record on the application of renewable resource. It pointes out Canada adopts greater part of renewable energy in power generation compared to various other established countries.



As the report reveals, Canada has 70 biomass power plant in 2014, with the total gross capability of 2408MW. The biomass includes wood, wood by-products, and also garbage dump gas. As a whole, biomass occupies 1.9% of the complete power generation in Canada. In 2015, the biomass power generation depends on 12,161 GWh, which has actually grown up by 54% since 2005.



Atikokan is the largest 100% biomass gas nuclear power plant, had by Ontario Power Generation. This power plant is converted from coal-fired nuclear power plant into biomass nuclear power plant with 170 million Canadian Bucks in 2012. Because 2014, Atikokan has actually undertaken the peak need for electrical power. It requires 1000 tons of wood pellets each year, occupying 30% of the domestic efficiency.



Sandbey, an additional nuclear power plant in Ontario, is additionally converted into wood pellet terminated. Presently, it eats concerning 8000 lots of carbonized wood pellets from Norway.



Wood pellet cost.

The sales price for mass export in overseas market is in between 150 and also 180 Canadian dollars. The pellets targeting at America's domestic heating market are sold in bags, which has higher rate of 210-280 Canadian dollars( Canada Stats). The zone cost of bagged wood pellets (40 pound) is $5.24, amounting to $262/ton, and $15.41/ GJ.



According a job in British Columbia, the price of home heating wood pellets (consisting of operation and power) is $15.9/ GJ, dimethylmethane is $24.36/ GJ (including distribution, carbon tax obligation and electric fans), electrical power is $29.47/ GJ, as well as heating oil is $33.93/ GJ.( Murray, 2015).



Wood pellets logistics.

Canada's wood pellets are exported out of British Columbia via the Vancouver port and also Royal prince Rupert port. Inland, the rails attach the wood pellet manufacturing facilities and also ports, and trucks transportation forestry products to the wood pellet factory.



The new trade roadway from eastern Canada to Europe, and also the wood pellet manufacturing facilities in the eastern provinces like Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick takes on barges for transportation.

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