Notes

Neurophysiology of Absence and Tonic Clonic Seizures
Absence and tonic clonic seizures are pathological brain rhythms. They are identified in EEG recordings. These seizures are caused by the unbalanced function between feedforward excitation and inhibition. The result is the generation of epileptic spike-wave discharges.

Absence and tonic clonic seizures usually occur in children. Although, they are more common in children, they also occur in adults. In fact, the average age of onset of these seizures is between 4 and 10 years. If you notice that a child is having a seizure, you should seek medical attention. There are no known genetic or familial causes for these seizures.

The onset of absence and tonic clonic seizures can be sudden or chronic. Some studies suggest that patients with these seizures have a family history of similar seizures. But the neurophysiologic basis for the changes in EEG in these seizures is not completely understood.

One possible hypothesis is that generalized tonic-clonic seizures result from abnormal activity in the lateral frontal and upper brainstem cortex. They can also cause significant movement artifacts. For instance, a person may appear drowsy or unconscious. He may also have facial expressions of sleep and a bluish coloration of the skin.

seizure monitor Absence and tonic clonic waves can also be associated with slow-wave complexes. These waves can be stable and periodic or jerky. During the transition from tonic to clonic seizures, the frequency of the discharges decreases.

Using a model of the corticothalamic system, a temporal relationship between the features of the absence and tonic clonic waveforms recorded in the cortex can be explained. This model enables us to identify the anatomical conduction delays between thalamocortical and corticothalamic pathways.
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