Notes

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Monmouth was Washington's final battle in the North; he valued the safety of his military greater than cities with little value to the British. Howe outmaneuvered Washington on the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777, and marched unopposed into the nation's capital at Philadelphia. Major General Thomas Conway prompted some members of Congress to consider removing Washington from command due to the losses incurred at Philadelphia.
Washington recalled the commanders positioned underneath Arnold at key factors around the fort to forestall any complicity, however he didn't suspect Arnold's wife Peggy. escorts parramatta for espionage led to a dying sentence, and Washington offered to return him to the British in exchange for Arnold, however Clinton refused. André was hanged on October 2, 1780, despite his final request being to face a firing squad, to deter other spies. At Valley Forge, Washington's Continental Army lost between 2,000 and 3,000 men who died on account of illness and lack of meals, clothes, and shelter. Meanwhile, the British have been comfortably quartered within the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia, paying for provides in kilos sterling, whereas Washington struggled with a devalued American paper foreign money.

Washington's forceful motion demonstrated that the new authorities could defend itself and its tax collectors. This represented the primary use of federal army drive against the states and residents, and remains the only time an incumbent president has commanded troops within the field. Washington justified his motion against "sure self-created societies", which he thought to be "subversive organizations" that threatened the national union. He didn't dispute their right to protest, but he insisted that their dissent should not violate federal legislation. Congress agreed and prolonged their congratulations to him; solely Madison and Jefferson expressed indifference. Washington performed an indispensable function in adopting and ratifying the Constitution of the United States, which replaced the Articles of Confederation in 1789 and remains the world's longest-standing written and codified national structure to this present day.
Farewell Address
His last words had been "'Tis well", from his conversation with Lear about his burial. After preliminary publication, many Republicans, including Madison, criticized the Address and believed it was an anti-French campaign doc. The administration regarded highly effective tribes as international nations, and Washington even smoked a peace pipe and drank wine with them on the President's House in Philadelphia. He made quite a few attempts to conciliate them; he equated killing indigenous peoples with killing whites and sought to combine them into European American tradition. Secretary of War Henry Knox also attempted to encourage agriculture amongst non-agriculturalist tribes.

He didn't feel bound to a two-term limit, however his retirement set a big precedent. Washington is often credited with setting the principle of a two-term presidency, however it was Thomas Jefferson who first refused to run for a third term on political grounds. The Treaty of Paris was signed on September three, 1783, and Great Britain officially recognized the independence of the United States. Washington then disbanded his military, giving a farewell address to his troopers on November 2. During this time, Washington oversaw the evacuation of British forces in New York and was greeted by parades and celebrations. Washington and Governor George Clinton took formal possession of the city on November 25.
Personal Life
Washington's supporters resisted, and the matter was lastly dropped after a lot deliberation. Once the plot was exposed, Conway wrote an apology to Washington, resigned, and returned to France. Washington appeared before Congress in uniform and gave an acceptance speech on June 16, declining a wage, though he was later reimbursed expenses. He was commissioned on June 19 and was roundly praised by Congressional delegates, including John Adams, who proclaimed that he was the person finest suited to guide and unite the colonies.
Washington taking command of the Continental Army just before the Siege of Boston on April 19, 1775Early in 1775, in response to the growing rebellious motion, London sent British troops, commanded by General Thomas Gage, to occupy Boston. From 1858 until 1861, Strong was each Acting President and Professor of Biblical Literature at Troy University. The British nonetheless managed New York, and tons of Patriot troopers didn't re-enlist or abandoned after the cruel winter campaign. André's trial for espionage ended in a demise sentence, and Washington offered to return him to the British in change for Arnold, but Clinton refused.
Many of them, having never strayed far from Mount Vernon, were naturally reluctant to strive their luck elsewhere; others refused to abandon spouses or youngsters still held as dower slaves and also stayed with or near Martha. Following George Washington's directions in his will, funds had been used to feed and dress the young, aged, and infirm slaves until the early 1830s. Washington frequently suffered from severe tooth decay and finally misplaced all his teeth but one. Contrary to common lore, these were not made of wooden, but of metallic, ivory, bone, animal tooth, and human enamel possibly obtained from slaves. On October 7, 1837, Washington's stays had been positioned, nonetheless within the unique lead coffin, inside a marble sarcophagus designed by William Strickland and constructed by John Struthers earlier that yr.

During the American Revolutionary War, Washington started to alter his views on slavery. In a 1778 letter to Lund Washington, he made clear his want "to get quit of Negroes" when discussing the exchange of slaves for the land he needed to purchase. The next year, Washington acknowledged his intention not to separate enslaved households on account of "a change of masters".
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