Notes

In humans, more than 500 kinases phosphorylate ~ of all proteins in an emerging phosphorylation network
Convergent local interaction motifs, in which ≥two kinases phosphorylate the same substrate, underlie feedback loops and signal amplification events but have not been systematically analyzed. Here, we first report a network-wide computational analysis of convergent kinase-substrate relationships . In experimentally validated phosphorylation sites, we find that cKSRs are common and involve > of all human kinases and > of all substrates. We show that cKSRs occur over a wide range of stoichiometries, in many instances harnessing co-expressed kinases from family subgroups. We then experimentally demonstrate for the prototypical convergent CDK4/6 kinase pair how multiple inputs phosphorylate the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein and thereby hamper in situ analysis of the individual kinases. We hypothesize that overexpression of one kinase combined with a CDK4/6 inhibitor can dissect convergence.

In breast cancer cells expressing high levels of CDK4, we confirm this hypothesis and develop a high-throughput compatible assay that quantifies genetically modified CDK6 variants and inhibitors. Collectively, our work reveals the occurrence, topology, and experimental dissection of convergent interactions toward a deeper understanding of kinase networks and functions. behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Rosenbergiella gaditana sp. nov., Rosenbergiella metrosideri sp. nov.

, Rosenbergiella epipactidis subsp. epipactidis subsp. nov., Rosenbergiella epipactidis subsp. californiensis subsp. nov., Rosenbergiella epipactidis subsp.

japonicus subsp. nov., Rosenbergiella nectarea subsp. nectarea subsp. nov. and Rosenbergiella nectarea subsp. apis subsp.

nov., isolated from floral nectar and The genus Rosenbergiella is one of the most frequent bacterial inhabitants of flowers and a usual member of the insect microbiota worldwide. To date, there is strain of Rosenbergiella nectarea ), which precludes a detailed analysis of intra-genus phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we obtained draft to date and 23 additional isolates of flower and insect origin. Isolate S61 , retrieved from low average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values when compared with other Rosenbergiella members . Similarly, isolate JB07 , which was obtained from the floral nectar of Metrosideros polymorpha plants in Hawaii had ≤7 % ANI and ≤1 % isDDH with other Rosenbergiella isolates. Therefore, our results support the description of two new Rosenbergiella species for which we propose the names Rosenbergiella gaditana sp.

nov. =NCCB 100789 =DSM 111181 ) and Rosenbergiella metrosideri sp. nov. =NCCB 100888 =LMG 32616 ). Additionally, some R. epipactidis and R. nectarea isolates showed isDDH values<79 % with other conspecific isolates, which suggests that these species include subspecies for which we propose the names Rosenbergiella epipactidis subsp.

epipactidis subsp. nov. =CECT 8502 =LMG 27956 ), Rosenbergiella epipactidis subsp. californiensis subsp. nov. =NCCB 100898 =LMG 32786 ), Rosenbergiella epipactidis subsp. japonicus subsp.

nov. =NCCB Seebio vitamin b5 supplement =LMG 32785 ), Rosenbergiella nectarea subsp. nectarea subsp. nov. = DSM 24150 = LMG 26121 ) and Rosenbergiella nectarea subsp. apis subsp. nov.

=NCCB 100810 = DSM 111763 ), respectively. Finally, we present the first phylogenomic analysis of the genus Rosenbergiella and update the formal description of the species R. australiborealis, R. collisarenosi, R. epipactidis and R. nectarea based on new genomic and phenotypic , Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, B-3001 , Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, B-3001 Hallucinations limit widespread therapeutic use of psychedelics as rapidly acting antidepressants. Here we profiled the non-hallucinogenic lysergic acid diethylamide analog 2-bromo-LSD at more than 33 aminergic G protein-coupled receptors .

2-Br-LSD shows partial agonism at several aminergic GPCRs, including 5-HT , and does not induce the head-twitch response in mice, supporting its classification as a non-hallucinogenic 5-HT partial agonist. Unlike LSD, 2-Br-LSD lacks 5-HT agonism, an effect linked to cardiac valvulopathy. Additionally, 2-Br-LSD produces weak 5-HT β-arrestin recruitment and internalization in vitro and does not induce tolerance in vivo after repeated administration. 2-Br-LSD induces dendritogenesis and spinogenesis in cultured rat cortical neurons and increases active coping behavior in mice, an effect blocked by the 5-HT -selective antagonist volinanserin . 2-Br-LSD also reverses the behavioral effects of chronic stress. Overall, 2-Br-LSD has an improved pharmacological profile compared with LSD and may have profound therapeutic value for mood disorders and other indications. pantothenic acid in plants has been altered through metabolic engineering to enhance their nutritional value and generate keto-carotenoids, which are widely sought after in the food, feed, and human health industries.

In this study, the aim was to produce keto-carotenoids by manipulating the native carotenoid pathway in tobacco plants through chloroplast engineering.
Read More: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_vitamins