Notes

11 Robot Development Trends
The continuing development of robotics will largely rely on related industries: the science of materials and advances in computer technology. Analysts have identified the key trends in the industry for one more five years.

People have a tendency to overestimate the impact from the latest technology in the future and underestimate its impact eventually.

But this does not negate the fact that the expert community, their state and business desire a roadmap for the continuing development of innovative industries later on.

The authors of the annual survey with the home and industrial robots market discussed with experts the fundamental trends of this type as well as in the report for 2021 presented 11 areas that within the next 5 years could have the highest effect on the continuing development of robotics in the world.

1. New materials

Even when we take into account the simplest industrial manipulators, in 2019 there are approximately 3.5 thousand people per robot, which ratio is not likely to grow without radical modifications in the science of materials where robotics is created, the authors with the review are sure. They pay special care about two promising materials:

gallium nitride (GaN), which may successfully replace silicon for transistor manufacturing;
graphene, a super-thin and super-strong material from where you are able to produce actuators for robots, new batteries and much more.

2. New reasons for energy, technologies for its collection and storage

Considering the volume of heat generated from the combustion of gasoline as well as the human dependence on energy, it is easy to calculate if everyone was eating gasoline, they might only need 150 g of fuel daily. In turn, electric motors are actually even less energy-efficient than an interior combustion engine. In order for robots so that you can contend with humans within their capabilities, breakthrough technologies are expected of their energy supply.

For example, this is actually the improvement of current lithium batteries, the roll-out of new batteries according to hydrogen, and so forth. Also, we should take into account about alternative, alternative energy. Finally, a technology could be implemented to recharge the robot remotely, for example, from energizes included in the ground or walls.

3. Interaction of categories of robots and people

These are unmanned traffic management systems. To avoid accidents and accidents, transport robots will need to have a channel of communication both with humans along with the other.

4. Navigation in extreme conditions

Robots should be aware what they may be doing and where they are moving not just under normal human conditions, and also where people just can't make it happen: as an example, in high altitude climates or on the seabed.

In addition, situations is not excluded once the robot will continue to be completely without communication (for example, underground or in the big event of your satellite breakdown). In this case, you should develop a fully autonomous navigation system for unmanned devices. Similar developments already exist both abroad as well as in Russia.

5. Machine learning

The growth and development of artificial intelligence is critical to generate truly useful and "smart" robots. Over the next several years, Sberbank analysts identify four fundamental vectors of development in this field:

increasing the efficiency of employing neural networks by making their architecture more technical or reducing power consumption;

teaching algorithmic procedures rather than hard programming, that may simplify and, therefore, speed up the entire process of acquiring skills through the machine;

mass adoption of cloud services for machine learning;

improvement of motional actions of robots due to artificial intelligence technologies.

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6. Human-machine interaction

The robot economy, like all other innovative technologies, is approximately increasing productivity. That is, automation is just not an end by itself, but a tool for increasing economic efficiency. The authors of the review are more likely to think that the very best result will probably be shown not by replacing people who have robots, but by their cooperation. According to them, the interaction of robots and humans will establish in four main areas:

a robot as an instrument that repeats human capabilities (by way of example, exoskeletons and prostheses);

robot as an instrument that expands human capabilities;

an avatar robot, that is certainly, a product remotely controlled by the person in hard-to-reach places;

social interaction using a person, including voice assistants and chat bots.

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7. Manipulation robotics

The authors from the Sberbank report believe within the next five years we have been unlikely to see a breakthrough in hardware technologies for robots ("hardware"), but the continuing development of software will increase the capabilities and lower the price of manipulation technology.

First of, were talking about improving the feedback of sensors. Robot, grabbing a physical object, will have to inform the operator in more detail about its weight, dimensions, compression force, etc. Also, new computer technologies is likely to make it possible to program more advanced trajectories of motion of manipulators.

8. Sensorics

One of the definitions in the notion of "robot", that your analysts of Sberbank abide by, says that it is a machine that's able to perceive the entire world around it with the aid of sensors, process the signals received in this way and react accordingly. Reducing the cost, simplifying and enhancing the capabilities of sensorics is one from the key trends inside the progression of robotics within the coming years.

9. Robosimulators

Large amounts of data are expected to train robots. To receive them, it is just not necessary to create a model of a robot - often it might be economically unprofitable, sometimes even dangerous for someone. Therefore, the volume of creation of computer simulators of your robot will only increase with the expansion of automation.

10. New drive

Fundamentally, the principles of creating drive mechanisms are unlikely to alter, but even here the authors from the review locate a field for innovation. In addition to the new super-strong materials specified inside the first paragraph, these might be new motors and gearboxes.

11. Design and production

Again, this is primarily about software innovation. ROS robot of electronic components, high-quality digital diaries, virtual reality tools can simplify the merchandise design process.

At the fabrication stage, the progress of robotics will probably be stimulated through the emergence of recent materials, their decrease in price, along with the continuing development of 3D printing. It also requires optimization of software, that can make it easier and faster to create new machines.
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