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chapter 1(上册)
1.解释宏观经济学的定义
研究人类如何配置或有效地使用不同稀少资源来从事物品和劳务,以满足人类的无限需求

2.宏观经济学和微观经济学的区别
微观经济学(个体经济学):研究对象是个别厂商或消费者的经济行为,探讨人类社会的生产,分配,交易和消费行为
宏观经济学(总体经济学):研究国民和全球经济,解释了国民所得,就业理论,经济循环,经济发展和物价水准。以国民所得为分析重点,称之为所得理论

3.说明稀少性,选择and机会成本
稀少性:是因为资源有限而无法满足人类无限的欲望
选择:因为稀少人们要做出选择因此欲望可分先后满足
机会成本:在资源有限的情况下,作出选择时必须牺牲的其他选择中价值最高者

4.分析机会成本
当人们需要作出选择时,有取有舍,两者不能兼得就产生机会成本

5.分析有限资源与无限欲望产生基本的经济问题
生产什么?生产多少?如何生产?为谁生产?

6.说明生产可能组合及曲线的变动
ppc以外,表示技术和生产有限无法达到其生产量。ppc以内,表示资源没有被充分利用,出现失业现象。

7.区分物品的类别
自由财:来自于大自然
经济财:来自于厂商,要付费
公共财:每个人都可以想用,一般由政府提供

8.理解各种经济制度
市场经济制度:一切由自我利益为出发点,享有经济自由,财产受到法律保护,政府对经济活动干涉少,only参与法律已维护社会安全,自由竞争追求最大福利这样可以开拓更大市场
控制经济制度:a)共产主义经济制度:实行中央集权,资源和生产工具为国家所有,价格,产量和分配由中央决定
b)社会主义经济制度:政府控制经济,重要的经济和生产才由政府决定和拥有,政府安排人民就业不鼓励
利润之上,这样贫富差距不大
混合经济制度:以市场经济制度为主但政府为辅的现代经济制度,享有经济自由政府不干涉,重视分工和交换(专业化)
这样会使消费者的选择增加,提高人们的生活素质,政府是为了保护消费者,使用财政政策和货币政策干
涉不稳定的经济,通过劳工法令保护劳工,改善福利,提高生产力,人民的生活水平。
伊斯兰经济制度:注重社会福利,鼓励自由竞争反对违反教义的活动,可自由运用资源


     
 
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