Notes

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD

-95% of brain growth is reached by the age of 9.
-Such growth is characterized by interrelated processes namely: cell proliferation and cell pruning.

Cell proliferation
-critical early stage of brain development.
--It takes place during the first several years of life.
-It consists of the over production of neurons and interconnections.

Neurons
-nerve cells that send messages all over your body to do anything
-Ex: Breathing, Eating, Walking, Thinking
-Information messenger

Nerve cells
-send and receive signals to your body

Cell proliferation and cell pruning
-Nag bibigay ng improvements ng neural development sa pamamagitan ng karanasan na ang madalas na interconnection ay napapanatili habang ang madalang ay pinuputol.

Ex: Communication and language ay sumusuporta para maintindihan ang mathematical ideas.

Ex: Ang kakayahan ng bata na matuto ng bagong impormasyon ay naiimpluwensyahan ng kanyang kakayahang makipag-ugnayan nang naaangkop sa iba.

Actually, the demands of the growth processes give way to changes in the brain metabolism.

Brain Metabolism
-proper functioning of neurons and other cell types in brain.


In the middle childhood, the neurons of the association areas - parts of the brain where sensory, motor, and intellectual functions are linked are myelinized to some degree.

-Sa kalagitnaan ng pagkabata ang parte ng utak tulad ng Sensory o pandama, motor o abilidad ng bata para magamit ang katawan at pisikal na kasanayan. At ang Intellectual functions o abilidad ng bata na mag isip and makaintindi.

Pandama
Ex: paningin, pang amoy, panlasa, pandinig, pandama

Motor
Ex: Pag sipa ng bola, Pag lalakad, paggapang, pag akyat sa upuan.

Intellectual Functions
Ex: pagkatuto mag salita, five pataas na mga salita.

Another significant change in middle childhood is the ability to identify and act a relationship between objects in space.

-Abilidad na kumilatis sa mga bagay bagay at gumawa ng desisyon or aksyon sa isang bagay na sila ay konektado.

Ex: Kapag Iniwan mo ang laruan sa ilalim ng iyong kumot, ang bata ay alam na naroroon sa lugar na iyon at pupuntahan nya ito.

Ex: Ang bola ay maaaring nasa likod ng upuan or ilalim ng mesa.
Alam nyang naroon dahil alam nyang tumukoy ng direksyon. Maaari mong sabihin, “ look behind the chair”

This results from the lateralization of spatial perception, occurring at the right cerebral hemisphere.

Spatial Perception
It consists of being able to perceive and visually understand outside spatial information. knowing about shapes, positions, directions and movement.
Ex: when we walk,
-kapag nahulog ang laruan mo at gumulong sa ilalim ng sofa, ito ay titingnan mo sa ilalim ng sofa dahil alam mo kung saan ito naka position kahit na hindi mo ito nakikita.

Lateral Perception
Lateral perception in particular of faces and objects starts at age 6. However, complex lateral perception is not very strongly lateralized not until age 8.

Right Cerebral Hemisphere
-Recognizing shapes and color
-Focuses on Visualization

A behavioral test of the lateralization of spatial perception relative right-left orientation or the ability to identify what is right and what is left. This kind of test can be administered to children aged 8 who can really identify or can differentiate right from left, though only older children meaning those aged 10 to 11 will most likely understand the difference between statements like "Jose is on my right" or "It's on my left." The increased
of deficiency by which older children learn math concepts and problems strategies is explained by lateral spatial perception (Van der Molen & Molenaar, 1994 as cited by Bee & Boyd, 2002).

There is a weak association between handedness and brain lateralization. It is believed that the prevalence of right handedness is a result of genetic inheritance through a dominant gene common in the human population, copy of it may be received from both parents (Talan, 1998 as cited by Bee and Boyd, 2002).

Genetic - Origin
Dominant - powerful/ mas nakaka-impluwensya

Among humans 95% of brain function are lateralized through a pattern called left-brain dominance. The remaining small portion of the functions that account for 5% are reversed. The pattern is called right-brain dominance. In some people the pattern can be mixed dominance where some functions follow the typical pattern while some are reversed.