Notes

Specifics It Is Important To Be Familiar With Fertilizing Plants





Plants need nutrients

Like us, plants need nutrients in varying amounts for healthy growth. There are 17 essential nutrients that plants need, including carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which plants receive air and water. The rest of the 14 are obtained from soil but will must be supplemented with fertilizers or organic materials for example compost.

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are needed in larger amounts than other nutrients; they are considered primary macronutrients.


Secondary macronutrients include sulfur, calcium, and magnesium.

Micronutrients including iron and copper are essential in smaller amounts.

Nutrient availability in soils
Nutrient availability in soils is often a purpose of several factors including soil texture (loam, loamy sand, silt loam), organic matter content and pH.

Texture
Clay particles and organic matter in soils are chemically reactive and can hold and slowly release nutrient ions that can be used by plants.

Soils that are finer-textured (more clay) and in organic matter (5-10%) have greater nutrient-holding ability than sandy soils with little if any clay or organic matter. Sandy soils in Minnesota are also very likely to nutrient losses through leaching, as water carries nutrients like nitrogen, potassium or sulfur beneath the root zone where plants can't access them.

pH
Soil pH may be the degree of alkalinity or acidity of soils. When pH is too low or too high, chemical reactions can adjust the nutrient availability and biological activity in soils. Most vegetables and fruit grow best when soil pH is slightly acidic to neutral, or between 5.5 and seven.0.

There are a few exceptions; blueberries, for example, have to have a low pH (4.2-5.2). Soil pH can be modified using materials like lime (ground limestone) to boost pH or elemental sulfur to lower pH.

Nutrient availability
Normally, most Minnesota soils have adequate calcium, magnesium, sulfur and micronutrients to aid healthy plant growth. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium would be the nutrients appears to be deficient and really should be supplemented with fertilizers for optimal plant growth.

The best way for assessing nutrient availability in your garden is usually to perform soil test. A fundamental soil test in the University of Minnesota’s Soil Testing Laboratory will offer a soil texture estimate, organic matter content (utilized to estimate nitrogen availability), phosphorus, potassium, pH and lime requirement.

The analysis may also feature a basic interpretation of results and still provide tips for fertilizing.

Choosing fertilizers
There are many options for fertilizers and frequently the options may appear overwhelming. The most important thing to remember is the fact that plants occupy nutrients available as ions, and also the supply of those ions is very little aspect in plant nutrition.

For instance, plants get nitrogen via NO3- (nitrate) or NH4+ (ammonium), and the ones ions may come from either organic or synthetic sources plus various formulations (liquid, granular, pellets or compost).

The fertilizer you select should be based mainly on soil test results and plant needs, in terms of nutrients and speed of delivery.

Other factors to take into account include soil and environmental health plus your budget.

Common nutrient issues in vegetables
Diagnosing nutrient deficiencies or excesses in vegatables and fruits is challenging. Many nutrient issues look alike, often multiple nutrient is involved, and also the reasons for them may be highly variable.

Here are some examples of issues you may see in the garden.

Plants lacking nitrogen will show yellowing on older, lower leaves; excessive nitrogen could cause excessive leafy growth and delayed fruiting.
Plants lacking phosphorus may show stunted growth or possibly a reddish-purple tint in leaf tissue.
A potassium deficiency may cause browning of leaf tissue along the leaf edges, beginning with lower, older leaves.
A calcium deficiency often leads to “tip burn” on younger leaves or blossom end rot in tomatoes or zucchini. However, calcium deficiencies tend to be not just a response to low calcium from the soil, but they are brought on by uneven watering, excessive soil moisture, or damage to roots.
Lack of sulfur on sandy soils might cause stunted, spindly growth and yellowing leaves; potatoes, onions, corn and plants within the cabbage family usually are most sensitive.
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