Notes

Philosophy comes from a greek word philosophia were "philo" means love, "sophia" means wisdom (Love of Wisdom)

Phytagorias was the first to call himself a philosopher, comes from the greek word "lover of wisdom"
- he was a person who valued and cherish wisdom. He did not claim that he was wise.
Philosophizing
-when people started asking "why" and tried looking for answers
-its is an attempt to logically, undersatand and answer the essential questions that we ask.
questions can only be answered by using reason as tool like explain one's thought, ask questions

BIG NAMES IN PHILOSOPHY
Plato-
-wrote about philosophy in conversation called "dialogues". His Famous work "Republic"

Aristotle-
- Was a student of plato
- He founded his own school "The Lyceum"

Socrates-
-First major greek philosopher.
-Came up with the socratic method- a way of solving problems by using question and answer
-His thoughts focus on morals, good and evil, and society
-Plato his student

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

METHAPHYSICS
-Study of the physical universe and the nature of utimate reality

LOGIC
-differentiates between valid and confusing idea

AXIOLOGY
-Study of principals and value (ethics and aesthetics)

EPISTEMOLOGY





TRUTH
-truth means something that is proven and justified
-it should be logical and valid
-we had to have evidence to support our claims

(TERMS)
LOGIC
-Came from a greek word "Logike"- pertains to art of reasoning
-art of correct thinking and reasoning

COMMONSENSE
-prudent or sound judgement if a thing is valid or not

KNOWLEDGE
-Something we deem to understand or grasp fully
-proven by laws of logic and human person

OPINIONS
-your own belief and self-expression about something
-this are based from one's belief

ARGUMENTS
-persuade someone that you statement is truthful

FALLACIES
-may seem valid and logical at first but when we examine carefully it was actually invalid and illogical
- statements which are misleading
-arguments that is stated in a wrong way
example:
1. Appeal to pity- persuade somebody out of emotion or sympathy
2. Ad hominem- directly attacking the person to destroy his or her argument
3.Ad baculum- applying force/position to escape form answering the argument, applying position as a valid statement
4. Hasty generalization- conclusion given to an argument is lacking and is illogical and baseless
5. Post hoc- using false cause and effect between different events. no connections
6. Ad populum- argument is acceptable since many are doing it. parang sumusunod tayo sa uso
7. False analogy- pag hahalintulad, comparing two similar term/ideas but has wrongful usage/meaning
8. Fallacy of composition- one thinks that what is true to apart is true to the whole
9. Fallacy division- one thinks is true to the whole is true to a part
10. Dicto simpliciter- assuming that something true in general is true in every possible case