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1. Immanuel Kant- Moral Imperative: We must act according to an unwavering moral code regardless of situational circumstances.
The rationale: Lying, Stealing, and other immoral actions will never be justified regardless of the circumstances: i.e lying to spare someone's feelings. -----(Do the right thing because it is right)
2.Thomas Aquinas- Doctrine of Double effect: You can act in a way that causes an immoral side effect as long as your intentions are ethically sound and pure.
3. Howard Simmons- Moral Desert: Idea that we DESERVE to be praised or rewarded for good behavior, and punished for bad behavior.--Motivation and moral deliberation
4. T.M. Scanlon- Contractualism (what we owe to each other): interpersonal morality-giving others their due, by being able to justify your conduct to others.
5. Joshua Greene-Happiness pump: Do everything you can to pump happiness in to the world even at your own expense. Creates more societal harm than good.
6. John Locke-Theory of personal identity: personal identity is based on a continued consciousness (memories)-We grow into ourselves as individuals by learning and changing based on past experiences.
7. Niccolò Machiavelli- The ends justify the means: If a goal is morally important enough, any method of getting it is morally acceptable.
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