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scientific study of techniques for securing digital information, transactions, and distributed computations.
In the private-key setting, two parties share some secret information called a key, and use this key when they wish to communicate secretly with each other. A party sending a message uses the key to encrypt ( or "scramble" ) the message before it is sent, and the· receiver uses the same key to decrypt ( or "unscramble" ) and recover the message upon receipt.
Same key is used to encrypt and decrypt, reason why its known as symmetric key settings.
Syntax of encryption:
1. Key generation algorithm.
2. Encryption Algorithm.
3. Decryption Algorithm.
KERCKHOFF principle:
The cipher method must not be required to be secret, and it must be able to fall into the hands of the enemy without inconvenience.
According to this, even if the adversary knows the algorithm and every thing else the encryption is secure till the key is a secret.
ARGUMENTS in favor of above:
1. It will be easy to keep a key secret then the whole algorithm.
2. If the key is exposed it would be much easier to change the key than the whole algorithm.
3. If many pairs of people need to encrypt and communicate it would be much easier for them to use different keys rather the using a different algorithm.
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