Notes

Sure! Here is a detailed slide-by-slide presentation on historical beliefs about our universe:

Slide 1: Introduction

The origin, evolution, and nature of the universe have fascinated and confounded humankind for centuries1
Slide 2: Ancient Greek Astronomy and Cosmology

In the 5th century B.C., Empedocles and Anaxagoras offered arguments for the spherical nature of the Earth. During a lunar eclipse, when the Earth is between the sun and the moon, they identified the shadow of the Earth on the moon. As the shadow moves across the moon it is clearly round. This would suggest that the Earth is a sphere2
Slide 3: The Big Bang Theory

The most popular theory of our universe’s origin centers on a cosmic cataclysm unmatched in all of history—the big bang. This theory was born of the observation that other galaxies are moving away from our own at great speed in all directions, as if they had all been propelled by an ancient explosive force3
Slide 4: The Steady State Theory

The steady state theory was an alternative to the big bang theory that suggested that new matter was continuously created as the universe expanded. This theory was eventually disproven by observations of cosmic microwave background radiation3
Slide 5: The Ptolemaic System

The Ptolemaic system was a geocentric model of the universe developed by Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd century A.D. This model placed Earth at the center of the universe and suggested that all other celestial bodies orbited around it2
Slide 6: The Copernican Revolution

The Copernican revolution was a major shift in scientific thinking that occurred during the 16th century. This revolution was sparked by Nicolaus Copernicus’ publication of “On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres,” which proposed a heliocentric model of the universe with the sun at its center2
Slide 7: Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion

Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer who lived during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. He is best known for his three laws of planetary motion, which describe how planets move around the sun in elliptical orbits1
Slide 8: Galileo’s Observations

Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer who lived during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. He is best known for his observations of Jupiter’s moons, which provided evidence for Copernicus’ heliocentric model of the universe1
Slide 9: Newton’s Laws of Motion and Gravitation

Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician who lived during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. He is best known for his laws of motion and law of universal gravitation, which describe how objects move and interact with each other in space1
Slide 10: Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity

Albert Einstein was a German physicist who lived during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is best known for his theory of general relativity, which describes how gravity works as a curvature of spacetime caused by massive objects like stars and planets1
Slide 11: Conclusion

Here are the links I used to gather this information:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/origins-of-the-universe
https://universe.nasa.gov/universe/basics/
https://www.loc.gov/collections/finding-our-place-in-the-cosmos-with-carl-sagan/articles-and-essays/modeling-the-cosmos/ancient-greek-astronomy-and-cosmology 312
Slide 12: References

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/origins-of-the-universe
https://universe.nasa.gov/universe/basics/
https://www.loc.gov/collections/finding-our-place-in-the-cosmos-with-carl-sagan/articles-and-essays/modeling-the-cosmos/ancient-greek-astronomy-and-cosmology