Notes

in the context of symptoms such as dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, and/or hematuria, a positive culture is highly suggestive of a UTI.
that has progressed to involve the kidneys, known as pyelonephritis. The presence of innumerable white blood cells, moderate numbers of red cells, and noticeable bacteria in the urine sediment, along with a positive urine culture for Gram-negative rods, supports this diagnosis.

To confirm the diagnosis of pyelonephritis, a CT scan or ultrasound of the kidneys may be ordered to evaluate for any abnormalities or complications, such as abscess formation or obstruction. Additionally, a renal scan may be considered to assess kidney function and identify any areas of decreased or absent perfusion.

It is important to note that in cases of uncomplicated UTIs, imaging studies may not be necessary. However, given the patient's persistent symptoms and the presence of bacteria in the urine culture, further evaluation with imaging may be warranted in this case.