Notes

Wood pellets market and market in Canada<br>
Drives of biomass energy development

Biomass industry experts mention 3 drives in Canada: environmental pressure, administration goals of sustainnable forestry, and also rate advantages.



Biomass gas are carbon neutral. Plants take in CO2 in its growth and also send out the same quantity of CO2 in burning, so they does not include added greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Besides, biomass energy can lower using coal, gas and also oil, which is the souce of greenhouse gases.



Lasting forestry is a typical goal of all public lands in Canada. It considers woodland health, wildlife environment and also biodiversity in the expedition of forestry resources. From financial prospect, sustainable forestry administration aims to use all products in one of the most efficient means, including wood wast. Nevertheless, it is not important to transform all forestry waste into biomass energy. Occasionally it is handy to leave some wood waste in the forestry to protect wildlife environments as well as advertise soil nutrients regeneration.



When the price of conventional gas drop, biomass power will lose benefits. The rate competitors makes the makers establish a lot more effective means to refine biomass energy, especially to reduce the expense of raw mateirals transportation. By controling the production cost, biofuels are competitive with standard fuels. For instance, if the price of a barrel of oil is higher than $17, biomass power is extra cost-effective.



Renewable energy incentive plan

The manufacturing and usage of wood pellets in Canada is driven by international need and also domestic plan. Canadian Federal government has actually drawn a plan to stop utilizing coals by 2030, as well as boost the ratio of renewable energy in power generation to 90%.



Currently, coal power adds 10% of the total greenhouse gas emission in Canada. Coal plants are generally situated in Alberta( 10 ), Saskatchewan( 2 ), New Brunswick( 1 ), and Nova Scotia. According to the plan, New Brunswick and also Alberta proclaim to slowly eliminate coals by 2030, and convert numerous coal-fired nuclear power plant right into co-fired or biomass power plant.



In property home heating market, the firewood oven replacement job in Nova scotia, Quebec, brand-new Brunswick, British Columbia, and also Ontario will certainly boost the residential wood pellet market. （ HPBAC ， 2016 ）.



Wood pellet production in Canada.

In 2010, Canada can create 2 million lots of wood pellets yearly. The wood pellet factories can generate 1.3 Mt, representing 65% of the domestic overall manufacturing, and export 1.2 Mt of them. In 2011, the manufacturing rise to 1.5 Mt, with 1.3 Mt for export.In 2012, the production capability has risen 3Mt. Type 2015-2016, the wood pellet production increases by 1Mt annually. In 2016, Canada has 42 pellet factory, with the manufacturing ability over 4Mt, as well as new pellet manufacturing facilities are in building.



British Columbia produces over 150,000 wood pellets annually, making up 60% of the overall manufacturing in Canada. wood pellet making equipment following are Ontario and also Quebec. The wood pellet manufacturing facilities in Ontario primarily offer domestic market, while the wood pellet factories in British Columbia serve abroad massive warmth nuclear power plant. Other provinces have lots of small pellet manufacturing facilities generally serving regional market, with the total manufacturing capacity around 50,000 tons.



Biomass products in Canada.

In Canada, the biomass resources spread in those provinces with responsive pulp, paper as well as forestry market, including Ontario, Alberta, Quebec, and also New Brunswick. Biomass products such as barks, sawdust, wood chips, braches are used to make wood pellets, biogas, cellulosic ethanol, biodiesel, and also bio-oil.



In the past, many paper mills has a customized space to produce hog gas, the mixed barks and also wood wastes made use of to produce heat and also power. With a growing number of paper mills combine with saw mills in the 1990s, the wood wastes are delivered to the saw mills. In the last ten years, with lots of saw mills shut down, the resource of wood waste decline dramatically, so forestry come to be a significant source to obtain biomass materials.



Forestry biomass materials can be gotten in various types. It is prominent to accumulate twigs, branches, needles, barks, and so on, which is accomplished along with logging, however the transportation expense is high. Besides, biomass originates from silvicultural thinning, right-of-way clearing up, sphagnum peat, or the deposits after fire, condition and also bug parasites.



Tamarack and also larch come to be prominent in biomass industry. They are except making woodworks or papers, yet ideal for biomass fuel manufacturing owing to high development rate. They are going to be an economical option to produce sustainable power.



Wood pellets Export market.

The wood pellets in Canada are primarily exported to Europe (consisting of England as well as Belgium) and Asia (including Japan and also Korean) as well as property heating market in America.Canadian Statistical Bureau reported the export statics of the last 4 years.



Thanks to position advantages, British Columbia has actually ended up being the among the initial wood pellet suppliers for Korean and also Japan Market. In the past years, Canada's wood pellets export has actually occupied 2/3 of Japan's wood pellet import. ( https://gaininggroundsummit.com/ ).



In 2016, Canada's wood pellet export increases by 46% as well as rise to 2.37 Mt. Japan added the largest development rate of 240%, and also England has the largest growth volume of 458,217 lot.( WPAC ， 2017).



In the future, most wood pellets in Canada will certainly keep offering oversea market. Canadian wood pellet producers need to rely upon Europe and Asia market. In Asia, Korea is going to be a prospering market, with lots of independent power manufacturers and industries embracing wood pellets. Japan is most likely to have the fastest growth, with a growing number of coal-fired nuclear power plant to be converted. Japanese market is anticipated to grow by 10-12Mt yearly.



Wood pellets domestic usage.


Canada's domestic wood pellet usage is 300,000 tons every year, primarily for domestic home heating cooktop as well as the biomass nuclear power plant.



The domestic property heating market will certainly continue to be secure, or expand with the growing price of heating oil. The co-firing nuclear power plant will certainly raise domestic market. But wood pellet has to compete with various other renewable resource such as solar and also wind. Besides, wood pellets are acknowledged as pricey, whose advantages such as consistent dimension, storability, and also fluidity have not obtain due focus.



Biomass power generation in Canada.

Canada National Energy Board recently released a record on the application of renewable energy. It pointes out Canada adopts greater section of renewable energy in power generation compared to various other developed countries.



As the record reveals, Canada has 70 biomass nuclear power plant in 2014, with the complete gross capacity of 2408MW. The biomass consists of wood, wood by-products, and land fill gas. In general, biomass takes up 1.9% of the overall power generation in Canada. In 2015, the biomass power generation is up to 12,161 GWh, which has grown up by 54% given that 2005.



Atikokan is the largest 100% biomass gas power plant, owned by Ontario Power Generation. This nuclear power plant is converted from coal-fired nuclear power plant into biomass nuclear power plant with 170 million Canadian Dollars in 2012. Given that 2014, Atikokan has actually embarked on the peak need for power. It needs 1000 lots of wood pellets annually, occupying 30% of the residential efficiency.



Sandbey, another nuclear power plant in Ontario, is also converted into wood pellet terminated. Currently, it consumes concerning 8000 lots of carbonized wood pellets from Norway.



Wood pellet cost.

The list prices for bulk export in abroad market is between 150 and also 180 Canadian dollars. The pellets targeting at America's household home heating market are offered in bags, which has greater price of 210-280 Canadian dollars( Canada Stats). The zone cost of bagged wood pellets (40 pound) is $5.24, equaling $262/ton, and $15.41/ GJ.



According a project in British Columbia, the rate of home heating wood pellets (including operation as well as power) is $15.9/ GJ, dimethylmethane is $24.36/ GJ (consisting of delivery, carbon tax obligation as well as electric followers), electrical power is $29.47/ GJ, as well as home heating oil is $33.93/ GJ.( Murray, 2015).



Wood pellets logistics.

Canada's wood pellets are exported out of British Columbia with the Vancouver port as well as Royal prince Rupert port. Inland, the rails attach the wood pellet factories and also ports, and also trucks transport forestry products to the wood pellet factory.



The brand-new trade road from eastern Canada to Europe, and also the wood pellet manufacturing facilities in the eastern provinces like Ontario, Quebec as well as New Brunswick takes on barges for transport.

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