Notes

Wood pellets market and also market in Canada<br>
Drives of biomass energy development

Biomass sector experts point out 3 drives in Canada: ecological stress, monitoring objectives of sustainnable forestry, and also price advantages.



Biomass fuels are carbon neutral. Plants absorb CO2 in its development as well as give off the same amount of CO2 in burning, so they does not include additional greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Besides, biomass energy can minimize the use of coal, gas and also oil, which is the souce of greenhouse gases.



Lasting forestry is a common goal of all public lands in Canada. It takes into consideration forest wellness, wild animals habitat as well as biodiversity in the expedition of forestry sources. From economic prospect, sustainable forestry management intends to use all materials in the most effective way, including wood wast. However, it is not smart to transform all forestry waste into biomass power. Occasionally it is valuable to leave some wood waste in the forestry to shield wild animals habitats and also advertise soil nutrients regrowth.



When the price of conventional fuels decrease, biomass energy will certainly lose benefits. The price competition makes the makers create a lot more efficient means to process biomass power, particularly to lower the price of raw mateirals transportation. By controling the manufacturing expense, biofuels are affordable with standard gas. For instance, if the cost of a barrel of oil is more than $17, biomass power is more affordable.



Renewable resource incentive plan

The production as well as consumption of wood pellets in Canada is driven by worldwide need and also residential plan. Canadian Federal government has actually drawn a strategy to stop using coals by 2030, and raise the ratio of renewable energy in power generation to 90%.



Presently, coal power contributes 10% of the total greenhouse gas exhaust in Canada. Coal plants are primarily situated in Alberta( 10 ), Saskatchewan( 2 ), New Brunswick( 1 ), as well as Nova Scotia. According to the policy, New Brunswick and also Alberta proclaim to slowly get rid of coals by 2030, and convert a number of coal-fired power plant right into co-fired or biomass nuclear power plant.



In domestic heating market, the firewood stove replacement job in Nova scotia, Quebec, new Brunswick, British Columbia, and also Ontario will certainly increase the domestic wood pellet market. （ HPBAC ， 2016 ）.



Wood pellet manufacturing in Canada.

In 2010, Canada can produce 2 million tons of wood pellets annually. The wood pellet manufacturing facilities can produce 1.3 Mt, representing 65% of the domestic total manufacturing, as well as export 1.2 Mt of them. In 2011, the manufacturing rise to 1.5 Mt, with 1.3 Mt for export.In 2012, the manufacturing capacity has actually risen 3Mt. Form 2015-2016, the wood pellet manufacturing increases by 1Mt annually. In 2016, Canada has 42 pellet manufacturing facility, with the manufacturing ability over 4Mt, as well as new pellet manufacturing facilities are in building.



British Columbia generates over 150,000 wood pellets every year, making up 60% of the overall manufacturing in Canada. The following are Ontario as well as Quebec. The wood pellet manufacturing facilities in Ontario generally offer domestic market, while the wood pellet factories in British Columbia serve abroad massive heat nuclear power plant. https://boeboer.com/biomass-pellet-mill-for-sale/ have numerous little pellet factories mainly serving local market, with the complete production ability around 50,000 heaps.



Biomass materials in Canada.

In Canada, the biomass sources spread out in those districts with responsive pulp, paper and forestry industry, including Ontario, Alberta, Quebec, and also New Brunswick. Biomass products such as barks, sawdust, wood chips, braches are used to make wood pellets, biogas, cellulosic ethanol, biodiesel, and bio-oil.



In the past, numerous paper mills has a specialized room to produce hog gas, the blended barks and wood wastes used to generate warmth as well as power. With more and more paper mills merge with saw mills in the 1990s, the wood wastes are carried to the saw mills. In the last one decade, with many saw mills shut down, the resource of wood waste reduction greatly, so forestry end up being a major resource to acquire biomass materials.



Forestry biomass materials can be obtained in different forms. It is prominent to collect twigs, branches, needles, barks, and so on, which is accomplished along with logging, yet the transport price is high. Besides, biomass comes from silvicultural thinning, right-of-way cleaning, sphagnum peat, or the residues after fire, condition and bug bugs.



Tamarack as well as larch become prominent in biomass market. They are except making woodworks or papers, but suitable for biomass fuel manufacturing owing to high growth rate. They are going to be an economical service to produce lasting power.



Wood pellets Export market.

The wood pellets in Canada are mostly exported to Europe (including England and also Belgium) as well as Asia (including Japan and Korean) as well as household heating market in America.Canadian Statistical Bureau reported the export statics of the last 4 years.




Thanks to position benefits, British Columbia has actually come to be the one of the initial wood pellet distributors for Oriental and also Japan Market. In the past years, Canada's wood pellets export has actually used up 2/3 of Japan's wood pellet import. ( animal pellet feed machine ).



In 2016, Canada's wood pellet export increases by 46% as well as rise to 2.37 Mt. Japan added the largest development price of 240%, and also England has the biggest growth quantity of 458,217 bunch.( WPAC ， 2017).



In the future, most wood pellets in Canada will certainly go on serving oversea market. Canadian wood pellet producers have to rely on Europe and also Asia market. In Asia, Korea is going to be a thriving market, with many independent power producers and markets taking on wood pellets. Japan is likely to have the fastest growth, with increasingly more coal-fired nuclear power plant to be converted. Japanese market is anticipated to grow by 10-12Mt annually.



Wood pellets residential intake.

Canada's domestic wood pellet consumption is 300,000 lots annually, generally for residential heating oven and also the biomass power plants.



The domestic property home heating market will stay steady, or expand with the growing price of heating oil. The co-firing power plant will certainly enhance residential market. But wood pellet has to compete with various other renewable energy such as solar and also wind. Besides, wood pellets are acknowledged as expensive, whose benefits such as uniform dimension, storability, as well as fluidity haven't get due focus.



Biomass power generation in Canada.

Canada National Power Board lately released a record on the application of renewable energy. It pointes out Canada embraces higher part of renewable resource in power generation compared with various other industrialized nations.



As the record reveals, Canada has 70 biomass nuclear power plant in 2014, with the complete gross capacity of 2408MW. The biomass includes wood, wood byproducts, and garbage dump gas. Generally, biomass uses up 1.9% of the total power generation in Canada. In 2015, the biomass power generation is up to 12,161 GWh, which has grown up by 54% given that 2005.



Atikokan is the biggest 100% biomass fuel power plant, owned by Ontario Power Generation. This nuclear power plant is transformed from coal-fired nuclear power plant into biomass nuclear power plant with 170 million Canadian Dollars in 2012. Because 2014, Atikokan has carried out the peak demand for electricity. It requires 1000 lots of wood pellets annually, using up 30% of the residential productivity.



Sandbey, one more power plant in Ontario, is additionally converted into wood pellet fired. Presently, it eats about 8000 tons of carbonized wood pellets from Norway.



Wood pellet price.

The prices for bulk export in abroad market is between 150 as well as 180 Canadian bucks. The pellets targeting at America's domestic heating market are sold in bags, which has greater rate of 210-280 Canadian dollars( Canada Stats). The zone cost of bagged wood pellets (40 extra pound) is $5.24, equaling $262/ton, and $15.41/ GJ.



According a project in British Columbia, the cost of heating wood pellets (consisting of operation and also electrical energy) is $15.9/ GJ, dimethylmethane is $24.36/ GJ (consisting of delivery, carbon tax obligation and electrical followers), electrical energy is $29.47/ GJ, and also heating oil is $33.93/ GJ.( Murray, 2015).



Wood pellets logistics.

Canada's wood pellets are exported out of British Columbia with the Vancouver port and also Prince Rupert port. Inland, the rails connect the wood pellet manufacturing facilities and also ports, and also trucks transportation forestry products to the wood pellet manufacturing facility.



The new profession road from eastern Canada to Europe, as well as the wood pellet manufacturing facilities in the eastern districts like Ontario, Quebec and also New Brunswick adopts barges for transport.

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