Notes

1.Basics of computer architecture and organization: This includes understanding the structure and components of a computer system, such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and bus systems.

2.Operating system fundamentals: This includes understanding the basic concepts of operating systems, such as process management, memory management, file systems, and input/output systems.

3.Process management: This involves understanding how processes are created, scheduled, and managed by the operating system, as well as how to handle process synchronization, inter-process communication, and process termination.

4.Memory management: This includes understanding how the operating system manages memory allocation, virtual memory, paging, and swapping.

5.File systems: This involves understanding how the operating system manages file storage, including disk organization, file systems, and file I/O operations.

6.Input/output systems: This includes understanding how the operating system manages input/output operations, including device drivers, device controllers, and interrupt handling.

7.Security and protection: This involves understanding how operating systems provide security and protection mechanisms, such as authentication, authorization, encryption, and access control.

8.Distributed systems: This includes understanding how operating systems manage distributed systems, such as distributed file systems, distributed computing, and distributed databases.

9.Real-time systems: This involves understanding how operating systems manage real-time systems, such as real-time scheduling, real-time processing, and real-time communication.

10.Emerging trends: This includes understanding the latest trends and technologies in operating systems, such as cloud computing, virtualization, containerization, and microservices.