Notes

Adjacent Angles
Angles that share a vertex and exactly one side, but do not overlap.

Alternate Exterior Angles
The congruent pairs of angles on opposite sides of the transversal, but inside the two lines.

Alternate Interior Angles
The congruent pairs of angles on opposite sides of the transversal, but outside the two lines.

Angle-Angle Criterion (AA)
If two triangles have two angles that are congruent, the triangles are similar.

Base
The number that is raised to an exponent; the factor that is being multiplied.

Base
The surface on which an object rest.

Bivariate Data
Data representing two variables; can be represented in a two-way table.

Categorical Data
Data that can be sorted into specific categories that do not overlap.

Center of Rotation
The point around which a figure is rotated.

Cluster
An area where data seems to be "gathered" around a particular value.

Column Relative Frequency
A cell frequency divided by the column total.

Congruent
Having the same shape and size.

Congruent Angles
Angles with the same measure.

Constant Interval
An area on a graph where a function is horizontal, not moving up or down; a zero rate of change..

Coordinate Plane (or Cartesian Plane)
An x-axis and y-axis that meet at a right angle at a center point called the origin; a graph.

Corresponding Angles
Congruent angles that lie in the same position relative to the intersection of one parallel line and the transversal.

Cylinder
A three-dimensional object with a flat, circular base on top and bottom.

Decreasing Interval
An area on a graph where a function is moving in a downward direction from left to right; a negative rate of change.

Dependent Variable
The output value of a function; typically the y-value.

Diameter
A straight line going from one side of a circle to the other through the center.

Dilation
A type of transformation that changes the size but not the shape of a figure.

Distributive Property
a(b + c) = ab + a

Elimination Method
Combining two or more equations in a system to eliminate (cancel) one variable and solve for the other; also called the addition method.

Equation
A mathematical sentence showing that two expressions are equal.

Exponent
The number used to indicate how many times to multiply the base.

Exterior Angle Theorem
The measure of an exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two remote interior angles.

Function
A rule in a relation in which each input is paired with, or assigned to, exactly one output.

Height
The vertical distance from top to bottom that creates a 90-degree angle with the base.

Hypotenuse
The longest side of a right triangle; side opposite the right angle.

Image
A new figure that is the result of a transformation.

Increasing Interval
An area on a graph where a function is moving in an upward direction from left to right; a positive rate of change.

Independent Variable
An input value of a function; typically the x-value.

Infinitely Many Solutions
Any ordered pair that satisfies one of the equations also satisfies the other equation; the equations describe the same line.

Initial Value
The beginning value of a relationship; the starting point of a linear function, where the input is 0; represented with the variable b in linear equations.

Input
The value, variable, or quantity that determines another based on the relation or function rule; usually the x-values in a set of ordered pairs or on a table or graph.

Inverse Operation
The opposite of a math operation; the opposite of addition is subtraction and the opposite of multiplication is division.

Irrational Number
A number that cannot be written as a fraction $a/b$, where b ≠ 0, a repeating decimal, or a terminating decimal.

Legs
The two shorter sides of a right triangle; the sides that meet at 90 degrees.

Line
A collection of points that goes on forever in opposite directions.

Line of Best Fit
A line on a graph showing the general direction that a group of points seems to be heading; a line that best fits the data.

Line of Rotation
The line over which a pre-image is reflected to create a new image.

Linear Association
A relationship that, when shown on the graph, produces a pattern that can be described by a straight line.

Linear Function
A function whose graph is represented by a straight line; equation can be in the form y = mx + b; linear functions have exponents of only 1 or 0; linear functions show a constant rate of change.

Negative Association
Any function that is not a linear function; a constant change in x does not result in a constant change in y.

No Association
There is no pattern in the points on the scatter plot; there is no pattern of increasing or decreasing when comparing the x and y-values.

No Solution
No ordered pair satisfies both equations; the equations describe parallel lines.

NonLinear Function
Any function that is not a linear function; a constant change in x does not result in a constant change in y.

NonLinear Relationship
A relationship that, when shown on the graph, produces a curve or other pattern that is not described by a straight line.

One Solution
A single ordered pair (x, y) satisfies both equations; the solution is the intersection of the two lines.

Ordered Pairs
A coordinate or point written in the form of (x, y).

Origin
The center of a coordinate plane, expressed with the ordered pair (0,0); where the x-axis and y-axis intersect.

Output
The results of a relation or function rule; usually the y-values in a set of ordered pairs or on a table or graph.

Perfect Cube
A number that is made by cubing a number: a3 = a ⋅ a ⋅ a.

Perfect Square
A number that is made by squaring a number: a2 = a ⋅ a.

Positive Association
The points on a scatter plot move in a generally upward direction from the right; the x and y-values move in the same direction (they both increase or both decrease).

Power
An expression that has a base and an exponent.

Power of 10
A number that can be written in the form 10n where n is an integer.

Pre-image
The original figure prior to a transformation.

Proportional Relationship
A relation where the ratio between the input and output is always the same; the ratio of variables is constant.

Pythagorean Theorem
a2 + b2 = c2, where a and b are the legs of a right triangle and c is the hypotenuse.

Pythagorean Triple
A set of positive integers that fits the rule a2 + b2 = c2.

Radical Sign
Symbol that means "root of," such as square or cube root.

Radicand
The number or expression inside of the radical sign.

Radius
The distance from the center to the edge of a circle; half of the diameter.

Rate of Change
A measurement of the change in variables over a specific period of time; a measure of output value changes in comparison to input value changes.

Rational Number
A number that can be written as a fraction $a/b$, where b ≠ 0, a repeating decimal, or a terminating decimal.

Reciprocal
The multiplicative inverse of a number; the reciprocal of a fraction is found by reversing the numerator and denominator.

Reflection
A type of transformation in which one figure is a direct mirror of another.

Relation
A set of pairs of input and output values; can be represented as a set of ordered pairs, a table, a graph, a context, or an equation.

Relative Frequency
The frequency divided by a total $({text"frequency"}/{text"total"})$.

Remote Interior Angles
The two angles inside the triangle that do not share a vertex with the exterior angle.

Repeating Decimal
A decimal where, when dividing, a digit or group of digits repeats without end in the quotient; there is a pattern in the digits that repeats without end.

Right Triangle
A triangle with a 90-degree angle.

Rigid Transformation
Movement that changes the position of a figure but not its size; translations, reflections, and rotations.

Rotation
A transformation that turns a figure a given angle and direction around a fixed point.

Row Relative Frequency
A cell frequency divided by the row total.

Scale Factor
A ratio of two corresponding lengths that determines the change in size from a pre-image.
Scatter Plot
The graph of a set of ordered pairs (x, y) in a coordinate plane.
Scientific Notation
A number that is between 1 and 10 multiplied by an integer power of 10.
Similar
Having the same shape and angle measure but different sizes; expressed with the symbol –.
Slope
A constant rate of change; change in y over change in x; rise over run; represented by the variable m.
Slope-Intercept Form
Equation describing a line in y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.
Solution
Any value for a variable that makes the equation true.
Solution to a System
Any ordered pair that satisfies both the equations in the system.
System of Equations
Two or more equations working together; simultaneous equations.
Back to top
T
Terminating Decimal
A decimal that, when dividing, ends with a remainder of zero.
Three-dimensional
An object that has height, width, and depth; examples include cubes, prisms, spheres, or cones.
Transformation
Moving a shape so that it is in a new location but has the same size, shape, and area.
Translation
Moving a figure vertically, horizontally, or both directions without rotating or changing the size; a slide.
Triangle Angle Sum Property
The sum of the measures of the angles in a triangle is 180 degrees.
Two-dimensional
An object that is flat, without height or thickness; examples include a square, circle, or line.
Back to top
U
Unit Rate
A proportional relationship where the denominator is 1.
Univariate Date
Data representing one variable.
Back to top
V
Vertical Angles
Congruent angles opposite each other when two lines cross.
Back to top
X
x-axis
The horizontal number line of the coordinate plane.
Back to top

y-axis
The vertical number line of the coordinate plane.
y-Intercept
The point where a line crosses the y-axis; represented by the letter b in the equation y = mx + b.