Notes

What is Ecology?
Science which studies the relationships between living things and their
environment (often considered a discipline of biology)

environmental impact (I) = population (P) x affluence (A) x technology (T)
Environmental impact (I) may be expressed in terms of resource depletion or
waste accumulation; population (P) refers to the size of the human population;
affluence (A) refers to the level of consumption by that population; and
technology (T) refers to the processes used to obtain resources and transform
them into useful goods and wastes.

Emphasized the importance of sustainable development, a concept that weaves
economic growth, environmental protection, and social justice as complementary
goals across generations



People
• We are determined to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that
all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment.
• Planet
• We are determined to protect the planet from degradation, including through sustainable consumption
and production, sustainably managing its natural resources and taking urgent action on climate change,
so that it can support the needs of the present and future generations.
• Prosperity
• We are determined to ensure that all human beings can enjoy prosperous and fulfilling lives and that
economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature.
• Peace
• We are determined to foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies free from fear and violence.
There can be no sustainable development without peace or without sustainable development.
• Partnership
• We are determined to mobilize the means required to implement this Agenda through a revitalized
Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, based on a spirit of strengthened global solidarity,
focused in particular on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable and with the participation of all
countries, all stakeholders and all people. The interlinkages and integrated nature of the Sustainable
Development Goals are crucial in ensuring that the purpose of the new Agenda is
realized. If we realize our ambitions across the full extent of the Agenda, the lives of all will be
profoundly improved, and our world will be transformed for the better

Three conventions adopted at the 1992 "Rio Earth Summit."
• The Convention on Climate Change (1997 Kyoto Protocol)
• The Convention on Biological Diversity (1993)
• The Convention to Combat Desertification

An accounting framework which incorporates three dimensions of performance:
social, environmental, and financial. This differs from traditional reporting
frameworks as it includes ecological (or environmental) and social measures that
can be difficult to assign appropriate measurement means.

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) identifies multiple deprivations, which is why the multidimensional index is known. Methodological significance of MPI is that it recognizes poverty from different dimensions compared to the conventional methodology that measures poverty only from

Uncensored headcount ratio:
proportion of individuals who are
deprived in an indicator irrespective
of whether they are
multidimensionally poor or not

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.

Hunger
“an uncomfortable or painful physical sensation caused by insufficient consumption of
dietary energy.”
Malnutrition
“an abnormal physiological condition caused by inadequate, unbalanced or excessive intake
of macronutrients and/or micronutrients. Malnutrition includes undernutrition (child stunting and
wasting, and vitamin and mineral deficiencies) as well as overweight and obesity.”
Food Security
“a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access
to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an
active and healthy life.”


4 pillars of food security
(1) Availability:
Whether or not food is actually or potentially physically present, including aspects of
production, food reserves, markets and transportation, and wild foods.
(2) Access:
Whether or not households and individuals have sufficient physical and economic access
to that food.
3) Utilization:
Whether or not households are maximizing the consumption of adequate nutrition and
energy.
(4) Stability:
If the dimensions of availability, access and utilization are sufficiently met, stability is the condition in
which the whole system is stable, thus ensuring that households are food secure at all times.