Notes

World Powerlifting records within the +120 kg IPF category are usually made by those who not only have the highest absolute muscle strength, but also the largest amount of skeletal muscle. For this reason we wonder, is Ray Williams near the physiological muscle limit?
Presentation
The skeletal muscle and Ray Williams' absolute and relative muscle architecture were examined. Ray is a 30-year-old RAW powerlifter (without use of soporative material), 1.84 m high and 183.1 kg body mass. Ray Williams has gone through anti-doping controls and competes in the IPF +120kg division. It possesses world records of sentadilla (477.5 kg), dead weight (392.5 kg) and total (1105 kg).

Since magnetic resonance is not too effective for very large athletes, an ultrasound prediction equation was used to estimate the skeletal muscle. Ultrasounds were also used to determine muscle architecture (insulated muscle thickness, penetration angle and length).

Ray Williams has high fat-free mass values (138.6 kg) and total skeletal muscle (58.0 kg). When calculating performance by skeletal muscle unit in Powerlifting, Ray Williams not only had high levels of absolute strength but also had high levels of relative strength by skeletal muscle unit, particularly in squats.

Similarly, the muscle thickness and the angle of penetration of the lateral vasto were close to the highest values previously reported in studies.

Conclusions
These results suggest that Ray Williams may be close to a muscle physiological limit.

Ray Williams and muscle physiological limit
Prior studies have been conducted in humans through the mass of magra (fat-free body mass) to estimate total skeletal muscle in the body. These studies concluded that the lean mass limit can be approximately 120 kg in men. However, the proportion of skeletal muscle to fat-free mass is often inconsistent among athletes.

Magnetic resonance is the standard for measuring skeletal muscle. Unfortunately, it is impossible to measure skeletal muscle in large athletes because the results are not very accurate. Therefore, with the reference value of the magnetic resonance, prediction equations are developed to estimate the ultrasound skeletal muscle.

The aim of this study was to examine the absolute and relative amount of skeletal muscle, as well as the muscle architecture of the strongest RAW powerlifters in the world.

This study aims to obtain the amount of skeletal muscle and the absolute strength of Ray Williams. Ray Williams has won 3 National Championships, 4 World Championships being his most recent victory at the IPF Classic World Championship in Belarus.

He raised a total of 1090 kg in the three exercises with a body weight of 181.2 kg (585.98 Wilks points). Its best seat, bank press and dead weight were 470 kg, 242.5 kg and 377.5 kg respectively.

JBHNews was measured by ultrasound on nine sites (abdomen, anterior forearm, previous and posterior upper arm, previous and later upper leg, previous and later upper leg, anterior and posterior part of the lower leg and subscapula) on the right side of the body.

This test was performed at least 24 hours after the last training session. From these measurements, the total skeletal muscle was estimated using the prediction equation of Sanada et al. The skeletal muscle index was calculated as skeletal muscle (kg) divided by height to square (m2).

Subcutaneous fat and skeletal muscleGrossor (cm) Subcutaneous fatSkeletal muscle anterior arm0.674.80 anterior upper arm0.856.29 posterior upper arm part0.587.13Abdomen3.562.87Subescapula1.415.82Previous upper leg part0.719.79
The height, body mass and body mass index were 1.84 m, 183.1 kg and 54.1 kg / m2, respectively. JBHNews estimated body fat percentage was 24.3% and 138.6 kg of lean mass.

jbhnews.com have investigated the percentage of fat and lean mass using the sub-baquatic weighing technique in professional football players (14), professional basketball players (14) and professional sumo fighters (2).

The biggest football player in that studio had 107 kg of fat-free mass. The largest basketball player had 100.7 kg of fat-free mass. Similarly, the largest sumo wrestler had 121.3 kg of fat-free mass. Compared to the data previously published, Ray Williams's 138.6 kg of fat-free mass was approximately 17 kg higher than those of the sumo wrestler.

Muscle mass and performance in Powerlifting
Based on the latest Ray Williams competition, we calculate the performance in Powerlifting by skeletal muscle unit (kg). Its relative strength was 8.10 kg / kg for the seat, 4.18 kg / kg for the banking press, and 6.51 kg / kg for the dead weight.

In comparison, the average values of six lifters with similar characteristics were 6.95 kg/kg, 4.84 kg/kg, and 6.33 kg/kg, respectively. Therefore, Ray Williams not only had high levels of absolute muscle strength, he also had high levels of relative strength by skeletal musculoskeletal unit, particularly in sentadilla.

Conclusions
Ray Williams had greater values of fat-free mass and total skeletal muscle compared to previously published values within the same population.

When calculating the performance in Powerlifting by skeletal musculoskeletal unit, Ray Williams not only had high levels of absolute strength, he also had high levels of relative strength by skeletal musculoskeletal unit, particularly in sentadilla.

Similarly, the muscle thickness and the angle of penetration of the lateral bulk was close to the higher values previously reported in studies.

These results suggest that Ray Williams may be very close to a physiological limit regarding the size of the muscle and geometry.

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