Notes

NAME:REYNES,JHON RENZO,B
SECTION:10-REULEAUX

1.GLAND:Hypothalamus.
HORMONE: *Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
*Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
*Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).
*Somatostatin.
*Oxytocin.
*Vasopressin.
FUNCTION:The hypothalamus works between the endocrine and nervous systems. The endocrine system is a network of hormone-producing glands and organs that help regulate bodily functions.
As different systems and parts of the body send signals to the brain, they can alert the hypothalamus to any unbalanced factors that need addressing. The hypothalamus responds by stimulating relevant endocrine activity to address this balance.

2.GLAND:pituitary.
HORMONE:The hormones of the pituitary gland help regulate the functions of other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland has two parts—the anterior lobe and posterior lobe—that have two very separate functions. The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary to release or inhibit pituitary hormone production.
FUNCTION:The pituitary gland is a pea-sized endocrine gland that is situated in the middle of the skull base and kept protected within a bony cavity called the sella turcica. It plays an essential role in regulating the functions of various other endocrine glands and maintaining overall hormone levels in the blood.

3.GLAND:Thyroid.
HORMONE:The major thyroid hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is thyroxine, also called T4 because it contains four iodine atoms. To exert its effects, T4 is converted to triiodothyronine (T3) by the removal of an iodine atom. This occurs mainly in the liver and in certain tissues where T3 acts, such as in the brain.
FUNCTION:The thyroid sits just below your voice box (larynx), near the base of your neck. Two hormones made by the thyroid gland help regulate your metabolism -- the chemical processes in your body that break down what you eat to make energy. They can affect how fast your heart beats, how deep you breathe, and whether you gain or lose weight. They can also help control your body temperature, cholesterol levels, and women’s menstrual cycles.

4.GLAND:Parathyroids.
HORMONE:Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone your parathyroid glands release to control calcium levels in your blood. It also controls phosphorus and vitamin D levels. If your body has too much or too little parathyroid hormone, it can cause symptoms related to abnormal blood calcium levels.
FUNCTION: *Release of calcium by bones into the bloodstream
* Absorption of calcium from food by the intestines
* Conservation of calcium by the kidneys
*Stimulates cells in the kidney to transforms weaker forms of vitamin D into the form that is strongest at absorbing calcium from the intes

5.GLAND:Adrenals.
HORMONE: *Cortisol.
*Aldosterone
FUNCTION:The adrenal cortex is the outermost layer of the adrenal gland. Within the cortex are three layers, called "zones". When viewed under a microscope each layer has a distinct appearance, and each has a different function. The adrenal cortex is devoted to production of hormones, namely aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens.

6.GLAND:Pineal Body
HORMONE:melatonin.
FUNCTION:Pineal Gland Essentials Of the endocrine organs, the function of the pineal gland was the last discovered. Located deep in the center of the brain, the pineal gland was once known as the “third eye.” The pineal gland produces melatonin, which helps maintain circadian rhythm and regulate reproductive hormones.

7.GLAND:The ovaries
HORMONE:Your ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone. These hormones play an important role in reproductive development and menstruation. Estrogen production is highest in the first half of your menstrual cycle before ovulation. Progesterone rises during the second half of your cycle to prepare your uterus for a fertilized egg (if conception occurs).
FUNCTION:The ovaries release at least one egg each month for possible fertilization. Ovaries are an important part of the female reproductive system and they produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.

8.GLAND:The Testes
HORMONE:The main hormone secreted by the testes is testosterone, an androgenic hormone. Testosterone is secreted by cells that lie between the seminiferous tubules, known as the Leydig cells. The testes also produce inhibin B and anti-Müllerian hormone from Sertoli cells, and insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) and oestradiol from the Leydig cells.

Testosterone is important in the first stages of developing the male reproductive organs in a foetus. It also causes the development of male characteristics such as growth of facial hair, deepening of the voice and the growth spurt that takes place during puberty. Testosterone is important in maintaining these secondary male characteristics throughout a man’s life. From puberty onwards, testosterone provides the main stimulus for sperm production

FUNCTION:The testes have two primary functions.

The first is to produce testosterone. Testosterone is a hormone that is responsible for secondary male characteristics such as facial hair, body hair, and increased muscle mass. It also contributes to libido (sex drive), sexual function, and male fertility.

he second function of the testes is to produce sperm. Unlike females, who can only produce a limited number of eggs over a lifetime, males are able to produce millions and millions of sperm each day. It then takes several months for the sperm cells to mature enough to be functional. The maturation starts in the testes but mostly takes place inside the epididymis.

9.GLAND:Pancreas
HORMONE:Insulin
FUNCTION:The pancreas is both an exocrine gland and endocrine gland and has two main functions – digestion and blood sugar regulation. Exocrine cells of the pancreas produce enzymes that help with digestion. When food enters the stomach, exocrine cells release the pancreatic enzymes into a system of small ducts that lead to the main pancreatic duct.

Deadline: Sunday 7 PM