Notes

When(1) in(2) the(3) course(4) of(5) human(6) events(7) it(8) becomes(9) necessary(10) for(11) one(12) people(13) to(14) dissolve(15) the(16) political(17) bands(18) which(19) have(20) connected(21) them(22) with(23) another(24) and(25) to(26) assume(27) among(28) the(29) powers(30) of(31) the(32) earth(33) the(34) separate(35) and(36) equal(37) station(38) to(39) which(40) the(41) laws(42) of(43) nature(44) and(45) of(46) nature's(47) god(48) entitle(49) them(50) a(51) decent(52) respect(53) to(54) the(55) opinions(56) of(57) mankind(58) requires(59) that(60) they(61) should(62) declare(63) the(64) causes(65) which(66) impel(67) them(68) to(69) the(70) separation(71) we(72) hold(73) these(74) truths(75) to(76) be(77) self(78) evident(79) that(80) all(81) men(82) are(83) created(84) equal(85) that(86) they(87) are(88) endowed(89) by(90) their(91) creator(92) with(93) certain(94) unalienable(95) rights(96) that(97) among(98) these(99) are(100) life(101) liberty(102) and(103) the(104) pursuit(105) of(106) happiness(107) that(108) to(109) secure(110) these(111) rights(112) governments(113) are(114) instituted(115) among(116) men(117) deriving(118) their(119) just(120) powers(121) from(122) the(123) consent(124) of(125) the(126) governed(127) that(128) whenever(129) any(130) form(131) of(132) government(133) becomes(134) destructive(135) of(136) these(137) ends(138) it(139) is(140) the(141) right(142) of(143) the(144) people(145) to(146) alter(147) or(148) to(149) abolish(150) it(151) and(152) to(153) institute(154) new(155) government(156) laying(157) its(158) foundation(159) on(160) such(161) principles(162) and(163) organizing(164) its(165) powers(166) in(167) such(168) form(169) as(170) to(171) them(172) shall(173) seem(174) most(175) likely(176) to(177) effect(178) their(179) safety(180) and(181) happiness(182) prudence(183) indeed(184) will(185) dictate(186) that(187) governments(188) long(189) established(190) should(191) not(192) be(193) changed(194) for(195) light(196) and(197) transient(198) causes(199) and(200) accordingly(201) all(202) experience(203) hath(204) shown(205) that(206) mankind(207) are(208) more(209) disposed(210) to(211) suffer(212) while(213) evils(214) are(215) sufferable(216) than(217) to(218) right(219) themselves(220) by(221) abolishing(222) the(223) forms(224) to(225) which(226) they(227) are(228) accustomed(229) but(230) when(231) a(232) long(233) train(234) of(235) abuses(236) and(237) usurpations(238) pursuing(239) invariably(240) the(241) same(242) object(243) evinces(244) a(245) design(246) to(247) reduce(248) them(249) under(250) absolute(251) despotism(252) it(253) is(254) their(255) right(256) it(257) is(258) their(259) duty(260) to(261) throw(262) off(263) such(264) government(265) and(266) to(267) provide(268) new(269) guards(270) for(271) their(272) future(273) security(274) such(275) has(276) been(277) the(278) patient(279) sufferance(280) of(281) these(282) colonies(283) and(284) such(285) is(286) now(287) the(288) necessity(289) which(290) constrains(291) them(292) to(293) alter(294) their(295) former(296) systems(297) of(298) government(299) the(300) history(301) of(302) the(303) present(304) king(305) of(306) great(307) Britain(308) is(309) a(310) history(311) of(312) repeated(313) injuries(314) and(315) usurpations(316) all(317) having(318) in(319) direct(320) object(321) the(322) establishment(323) of(324) an(325) absolute(326) tyranny(327) over(328) these(329) states(330) to(331) prove(332) this(333) let(334) facts(335) be(336) submitted(337) to(338) a(339) candid(340) world(341) he(342) has(343) refused(344) his(345) assent(346) to(347) laws(348) the(349) most(350) wholesome(351) and(352) necessary(353) for(354) the(355) public(356) good(357) he(358) has(359) forbidden(360) his(361) governors(362) to(363) pass(364) laws(365) of(366) immediate(367) and(368) pressing(369) importance(370) unless(371) suspended(372) in(373) their(374) operation(375) till(376) his(377) assent(378) should(379) be(380) obtained(381) and(382) when(383) so(384) suspended(385) he(386) has(387) utterly(388) neglected(389) to(390) attend(391) to(392) them(393) he(394) has(395) refused(396) to(397) pass(398) other(399) laws(400) for(401) the(402) accommodation(403) of(404) large(405) districts(406) of(407) people(408) unless(409) those(410) people(411) would(412) relinquish(413) the(414) right(415) of(416) representation(417) in(418) the(419) legislature(420) a(421) right(422) inestimable(423) to(424) them(425) and(426) formidable(427) to(428) tyrants(429) only(430) he(431) has(432) called(433) together(434) legislative(435) bodies(436) at(437) places(438) unusual(439) uncomfortable(440) and(441) distant(442) from(443) the(444) depository(445) of(446) their(447) public(448) records(449) for(450) the(451) sole(452) purpose(453) of(454) fatiguing(455) them(456) into(457) compliance(458) with(459) his(460) measures(461) he(462) has(463) dissolved(464) representative(465) houses(466) repeatedly(467) for(468) opposing(469) with(470) manly(471) firmness(472) his(473) invasions(474) on(475) the(476) rights(477) of(478) the(479) people(480) he(481) has(482) refused(483) for(484) a(485) long(486) time(487) after(488) such(489) dissolutions(490) to(491) cause(492) others(493) to(494) be(495) elected(496) whereby(497) the(498) legislative(499) powers(500) incapable(501) of(502) annihilation(503) have(504) returned(505) to(506) the(507) people(508) at(509) large(510) for(511) their(512) exercise(513) the(514) state(515) remaining(516) in(517) the(518) meantime(519) exposed(520) to(521) all(522) the(523) dangers(524) of(525) invasion(526) from(527) without(528) and(529) convulsions(530) within(531) he(532) has(533) endeavored(534) to(535) prevent(536) the(537) population(538) of(539) these(540) states(541) for(542) that(543) purpose(544) obstructing(545) the(546) laws(547) for(548) naturalization(549) of(550) foreigners(551) refusing(552) to(553) pass(554) others(555) to(556) encourage(557) their(558) migration(559) hither(560) and(561) raising(562) the(563) conditions(564) of(565) new(566) appropriations(567) of(568) lands(569) he(570) has(571) obstructed(572) the(573) administration(574) of(575) justice(576) by(577) refusing(578) his(579) assent(580) to(581) laws(582) for(583) establishing(584) judiciary(585) powers(586) he(587) has(588) made(589) judges(590) dependent(591) on(592) his(593) will(594) alone(595) for(596) the(597) tenure(598) of(599) their(600) offices(601) and(602) the(603) amount(604) and(605) payment(606) of(607) their(608) salaries(609) he(610) has(611) erected(612) a(613) multitude(614) of(615) new(616) offices(617) and(618) sent(619) hither(620) swarms(621) of(622) officers(623) to(624) harass(625) our(626) people(627) and(628) eat(629) out(630) their(631) substance(632) he(633) has(634) kept(635) among(636) us(637) in(638) times(639) of(640) peace(641) standing(642) armies(643) without(644) the(645) consent(646) of(647) our(648) legislatures(649) he(650) has(651) affected(652) to(653) render(654) the(655) military(656) independent(657) of(658) and(659) superior(660) to(661) the(662) civil(663) power(664) he(665) has(666) combined(667) with(668) others(669) to(670) subject(671) us(672) to(673) a(674) jurisdiction(675) foreign(676) to(677) our(678) constitution(679) and(680) unacknowledged(681) by(682) our(683) laws(684) giving(685) his(686) assent(687) to(688) their(689) acts(690) of(691) pretended(692) legislation(693) for(694) quartering(695) large(696) bodies(697) of(698) armed(699) troops(700) among(701) us(702) for(703) protecting(704) them(705) by(706) a(707) mock(708) trial(709) from(710) punishment(711) for(712) any(713) murders(714) which(715) they(716) should(717) commit(718) on(719) the(720) inhabitants(721) of(722) these(723) states(724) for(725) cutting(726) off(727) our(728) trade(729) with(730) all(731) parts(732) of(733) the(734) world(735) for(736) imposing(737) taxes(738) on(739) us(740) without(741) our(742) consent(743) for(744) depriving(745) us(746) in(747) many(748) cases(749) of(750) the(751) benefits(752) of(753) trial(754) by(755) jury(756) for(757) transporting(758) us(759) beyond(760) seas(761) to(762) be(763) tried(764) for(765) pretended(766) offenses(767) for(768) abolishing(769) the(770) free(771) system(772) of(773) English(774) laws(775) in(776) a(777) neighboring(778) province(779) establishing(780) therein(781) an(782) arbitrary(783) government(784) and(785) enlarging(786) its(787) boundaries(788) so(789) as(790) to(791) render(792) it(793) at(794) once(795) an(796) example(797) and(798) fit(799) instrument(800) for(801) introducing(802) the(803) same(804) absolute(805) rule(806) into(807) these(808) colonies(809) for(810) taking(811) away(812) our(813) charters(814) abolishing(815) our(816) most(817) valuable(818) laws(819) and(820) altering(821) fundamentally(822) the(823) forms(824) of(825) our(826) governments(827) for(828) suspending(829) our(830) own(831) legislature(832) and(833) declaring(834) themselves(835) invested(836) with(837) power(838) to(839) legislate(840) for(841) us(842) in(843) all(844) cases(845) whatsoever(846) he(847) has(848) abdicated(849) government(850) here(851) by(852) declaring(853) us(854) out(855) of(856) his(857) protection(858) and(859) waging(860) war(861) against(862) us(863) he(864) has(865) plundered(866) our(867) seas(868) ravaged(869) our(870) coasts(871) burnt(872) our(873) towns(874) and(875) destroyed(876) the(877) lives(878) of(879) our(880) people(881) he(882) is(883) at(884) this(885) time(886) transporting(887) large(888) armies(889) of(890) foreign(891) mercenaries(892) to(893) complete(894) the(895) works(896) of(897) death(898) desolation(899) and(900) tyranny(901) already(902) begun(903) with(904) circumstances(905) of(906) cruelty(907) and(&)(908) perfidy(909) scarcely(910) paralleled(911) in(912) the(913) most(914) barbarous(915) ages(916) and(917) totally(918) unworthy(919) the(920) head(921) of(922) a(923) civilized(924) nation(925) he(926) has(927) constrained(928) our(929) fellow(930) citizens(931) taken(932) captive(933) on(934) the(935) high(936) seas(937) to(938) bear(939) arms(940) against(941) their(942) country(943) to(944) become(945) the(946) executioners(947) of(948) their(949) friends(950) and(951) brethren(952) or(953) to(954) fall(955) themselves(956) by(957) their(958) hands(959) he(960) has(961) excited(962) domestic(963) insurrections(964) amongst(965) us(966) and(967) has(968) endeavored(969) to(970) bring(971) on(972) the(973) inhabitants(974) of(975) our(976) frontiers(977) the(978) merciless(979) Indian(980) savages(981) whose(982) known(983) rule(984) of(985) warfare(986) is(987) an(988) undistinguished(989) destruction(990) of(991) all(992) ages(993) sexes(994) and(995) conditions(996) in(997) every(998) stage(999) of(1000) these(1001) oppressions(1002) we(1003) have(1004) petitioned(1005) for(1006) redress(1007) in(1008) the(1009) most(1010) humble(1011) terms(1012) our(1013) repeated(1014) petitions(1015) have(1016) been(1017) answered(1018) only(1019) by(1020) repeated(1021) injury(1022) a(1023) prince(1024) whole(1025) character(1026) is(1027) thus(1028) marked(1029) by(1030) every(1031) act(1032) which(1033) may(1034) define(1035) a(1036) tyrant(1037) is(1038) unfit(1039) to(1040) be(1041) the(1042) ruler(1043) of(1044) a(1045) free(1046) people(1047) nor(1048) have(1049) we(1050) been(1051) wanting(1052) in(1053) attention(1054) to(1055) our(1056) British(1057) brethren(1058) we(1059) have(1060) warned(1061) them(1062) from(1063) time(1064) to(1065) time(1066) of(1067) attempts(1068) by(1069) their(1070) legislature(1071) to(1072) extend(1073) an(1074) unwarrantable(1075) jurisdiction(1076) over(1077) us(1078) we(1079) have(1080) reminded(1081) them(1082) of(1083) the(1084) circumstances(1085) of(1086) our(1087) emigration(1088) and(1089) settlement(1090) here(1091) we(1092) have(1093) appealed(1094) to(1095) their(1096) native(1097) justice(1098) and(1099) magnanimity(1100) and(1101) we(1102) have(1103) conjured(1104) them(1105) by(1106) the(1107) ties(1108) of(1109) our(1110) common(1111) kindred(1112) to(1113) disavow(1114) these(1115) usurpations(1116) which(1117) would(1118) inevitably(1119) interrupt(1120) our(1121) connections(1122) and(1123) correspondence(1124) they(1125) too(1126) have(1127) been(1128) deaf(1129) to(1130) the(1131) voice(1132) of(1133) justice(1134) and(1135) of(1136) consanguinity(1137) we(1138) must(1139) therefore(1140) acquiesce(1141) in(1142) the(1143) necessity(1144) which(1145) denounces(1146) our(1147) separation(1148) and(1149) hold(1150) them(1151) as(1152) we(1153) hold(1154) the(1155) rest(1156) of(1157) mankind(1158) enemies(1159) in(1160) war(1161) in(1162) peace(1163) friends(1164) we(1165) therefore(1166) the(1167) representatives(1168) of(1169) the(1170) united(1171) states(1172) of(1173) America(1174) in(1175) general(1176) congress(1177) assembled(1178) appealing(1179) to(1180) the(1181) supreme(1182) judge(1183) of(1184) the(1185) world(1186) for(1187) the(1188) rectitude(1189) of(1190) our(1191) intentions(1192) do(1193) in(1194) the(1195) name(1196) and(1197) by(1198) authority(1199) of(1200) the(1201) good(1202) people(1203) of(1204) these(1205) colonies(1206) solemnly(1207) publish(1208) and(1209) declare(1210) that(1211) these(1212) united(1213) colonies(1214) are(1215) and(1216) of(1217) right(1218) ought(1219) to(1220) be(1221) free(1222) and(1223) independent(1224) states(1225) that(1226) they(1227) are(1228) absolved(1229) from(1230) all(1231) allegiance(1232) to(1233) the(1234) British(1235) crown(1236) and(1237) that(1238) all(1239) political(1240) connection(1241) between(1242) them(1243) and(1244) the(1245) state(1246) of(1247) great(1248) Britain(1249) is(1250) and(1251) ought(1252) to(1253) be(1254) totally(1255) dissolved(1256) and(1257) that(1258) as(1259) free(1260) and(1261) independent(1262) states(1263) they(1264) have(1265) full(1266) power(1267) to(1268) levy(1269) war(1270) conclude(1271) peace(1272) contract(1273) alliances(1274) establish(1275) commerce(1276) and(1277) to(1278) do(1279) all(1280) other(1281) acts(1282) and(1283) things(1284) which(1285) independent(1286) states(1287) may(1288) of(1289) right(1290) do(1291) and(1292) for(1293) the(1294) support(1295) of(1296) this(1297) declaration(1298) with(1299) a(1300) firm(1301) reliance(1302) on(1303) the(1304) protection(1305) of(1306) divine(1307) providence(1308) we(1309) mutually(1310) pledge(1311) to(1312) each(1313) other(1314) our(1315) lives(1316) our(1317) fortunes(1318) and(1319) our(1320) sacred(1321) honor(1322)