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月子餐
假設會陰部3度~4度裂傷,由於會陰腫脹會激發便意,建議採取輕流質飲食,避免糞便過量導致傷口裂開。 因為3度~4度裂傷無法灌腸,醫師會給予軟便劑治療。 若只有1度~2度裂傷,飲食沒有禁忌但仍須注意便秘,可進行盆浴協助傷口癒合。
另外,高齡產婦自然產容易發生重度裂傷,因為會陰組織彈性較差,分娩時造成深度裂傷的機會較高。 自然產的會陰部傷口維持腫脹狀態,媽咪可坐製床墊舒緩。 剖腹產因傷口較大可使用束腹帶,但要避免長時間綁束以防子宮下垂。
然而,世界衛生組織曾提出,有醫療需求的合理剖腹產率是10至15%,由於剖腹產會有腸道沾黏等副作用,因此並不建議自願採取剖腹產手術。 建議媽咪可以透過游泳、騎自行車或慢跑等燃燒身體多餘的熱量及脂肪,以及加強心臟和肺部功能,更有助於媽咪強健骨骼,降低骨質疏鬆的風險。 分娩結束時,因子宮頸充血、水腫而變得非常松軟,皺起來如同裙擺。 產後4周:懷孕之後,由於體內雌激素,孕激素水平升高,宮頸會出現一些變化,宮頸體積增大,柱狀上皮向宮頸管陰道部生長,使宮頸看起來像是有宮頸糜爛,或使原有的宮頸糜爛看起來像是加重了。 包括:多胞胎、產程過長、急產、產前有接受安胎治療、前置胎盤、以前有接受過人工流產或前胎剖腹產(可能造成胎盤植入)等。
肚皮仍鼓脹的自然產媽咪須請醫師評估子宮下降狀態,可從第2週開始穿上束腹帶,每穿3~4小時放鬆1~2小時,以加速恢復體型。 血型為Rh陰性的人,產後3天內須注射免疫球蛋白。 產婦分娩後偶有餘尿過多,甚至完全無法排尿等尿瀦留現象,其發生率約為5%。 當漲尿情況過久,可能會造成膀胱肌肉層的神經元缺血,進而引起膀胱功能惡化。
新竹臺大分院產後病房護理長楊宜芬表示,子宮按摩聽起來不難,只是眉角很多。 要有效促進子宮收縮,必須把握「找到正確位置」、「托住下緣固定」與「確實按壓」等3大原則。 因此,要避免這些事情的發生,就要做到科學懷孕、科學分娩、科學保健、科學護理以及科學喂養。 寶寶的順利誕生、健康成長並不意味着大功告成,產后的媽媽同樣需要關愛。
Homepage: https://www.postpartumsuite.com/
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