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產後護理之家
產後腹直肌分離、漏尿、腰酸背痛是無法避免的,因為懷孕子宮漸大,壓迫骨盆底肌結構,加上生產過程,有可能對骨盆結構損傷,因而出現上述產後困擾,影響生活品質。 產後回診會一併做產後檢查,檢視子宮出血、惡露出血、傷口復元、哺餵母乳等狀況。 孕期罹患妊娠糖尿病的媽咪須測量血糖變化;罹患妊娠高血壓的媽咪則須檢視血壓有無恢復正常數值,若血糖、血壓仍超過標準值須延長服藥時間,有可能已轉為慢性疾病。
產後鍛鍊核心肌群不僅可以改善腰痠背痛的情形,也可以防止腰背肌肉產生永久性的後遺症。 凱格爾運動則可以幫助骨盆底肌恢復彈性,改善尿失禁、骨盆腔器官脫垂等問題。 只要傷口完全痊癒,醫師指示運動沒有問題,就可以開始鍛鍊核心肌群、做凱格爾運動。 剖腹產會陰部沒有傷口,可以提早開始做凱格爾運動,如此骨盆底肌復原的速度也會比較快。 陰道在生產時軟化讓嬰兒通過,雖然陰道皮膚非常有彈性,會在產後慢慢恢復,但要恢復到生產前的狀況較為困難。
產後需要大量水分促進身體循環、排便與製造乳汁,一天最好喝2,000㏄~3,000㏄的水。 建議媽咪可以用「少量多次」的方式補充水分,每次餵完母乳就喝一點水。
雖然惡露尚未排盡前不宜泡澡,但若會陰傷口嚴重撕裂、腫脹,可在浴缸中滴1、2滴優碘,以泡盆坐浴的方式消腫。 洗頭不宜太頻繁,建議3~5天洗一次,並在浴室內將頭髮吹乾。
若子宮遲遲未變硬且出血量仍多,或子宮變硬但仍不停出血(有可能是子宮下端出血或外陰部血腫),即有產後大出血的風險,須服藥打針減緩出血量。 如情況仍未改善,則須檢視原因進行輸血,必要時施行子宮動脈栓塞、子宮體縫合甚至切除子宮。
綜合上面所述,媽咪最擔心自然產產後的3個問題,其實只要透過平時的運動鍛鍊,或借助外力輔助(例如陰道雷射、剪會陰等)能降低自然產對孕婦的傷害。 同時,孕期和產後的飲食也是影響復原的關鍵,相較於剖腹產,自然產復原的速度較為快速,生產後即可進食,建議少量多餐、均衡飲食,多食高蛋白食物促進乳汁分泌和傷口修復。 在住院期間即注射過子宮頸癌疫苗的媽咪可在第一次回診時注射第2劑子宮頸癌疫苗,並在第二次回診後3~5個月施打第3劑子宮頸癌疫苗。 超過30歲的媽咪應做子宮頸抹片檢查確定子宮狀況。 若產中即計劃避孕可在剖腹時順便結紮輸卵管;自然產媽咪可在產後2~3天結紮。 如產後才決定避孕,建議在體內裝設銅製避孕器或服用含黃體素成份的避孕藥(可避免讓乳汁減少)。
Read More: https://www.postpartumsuite.com/
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