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眼底檢查--博視眼科診所
散光

枕葉病變以血管、腦外傷為多見,而腦膿腫及腫瘤較少見。 其視野表現為病灶對側雙眼一致性同側偏盲,並伴有黃斑回避,即黃斑中心視野有1°~2°的不受損害的區域。 如病變位於紋狀區的最前端,視野表現為病灶對側眼的單眼顳側外周部的新月形缺損。 枕葉後極部病變只損害黃斑纖維束,則表現為病變對側的雙眼同側偏盲性中心暗點。 5視神經缺損(coloboma of optic nerve)為胚胎時眼泡胚裂閉合不全所致,常伴有脈絡膜缺損,僅有視盤缺損則少見。 常單眼發病、患者視力明顯低下,視野檢查生理盲點擴大。

2 FosterKennedy綜合征前顱窩額葉底部的占位性病變可壓迫同側視神經引起視神經萎縮,而同時由於占位病變引起的顱內壓升高引起對側視盤水腫,稱為FosterKennedy綜合征,也稱為額葉底部綜合征。 外燴 缺血性視神經病變患者,如果雙眼先後發病,即一眼視盤水腫後引起繼發性視神經萎縮,另眼發生視盤水腫,可呈FosterKennedy綜合征表現。

所以一氧化碳極易與血紅蛋白結合,形成碳氧血紅蛋白,使其失去攜氧能力,造成組織缺氧。 眼部的急性中毒表現為視力下降或一過性黑,嚴重者可出現昏迷,瞳孔對光反射和角膜反射遲鈍,如伴有腦水腫,可出現視盤水腫。

眼底檢查本身不會疼痛,不過有些人點散瞳藥水會感覺刺刺的,這種刺刺 的感覺一下子就會退掉。 另外,由於眼底鏡的光源比較強,在散瞳的情況下接觸強光源,可能會覺得刺眼、不舒服。 末期的情況,就很像是火車過隧道,或者像拿個管子看前方,以管窺天,只剩下中央視力。 一般人兩眼的視神經惡化的速度會不一樣,若有一邊良好,當另一邊惡化嚴重本身不會有明顯不便性。

有時高壓氧治療後視力雖然改善很多,眼底血管外觀未必看到變化,因此臨床症候不一定和血管病變相匹配。 視網膜靜脈阻塞臨床上可以見視神經乳頭呈現水腫,邊界模糊,視網膜靜脈曲張,呈紫紅色,視網膜及視神經乳頭上有大量表層放射狀出血,以及深層圓形出血,視網膜在水腫的基礎上,形成白色脂肪變性病症,與出血病症相混合。 低視能服務處的評估結果,發現蘇太太的視野偏窄、對比敏感度遠低於一般人、無法辨識棕色,遠距離在1公尺處僅能辨識指數。 在輔具適用方面,擴視機雖能提供部分閱讀功能,但因目標物移動所造成的影子會產生明顯困擾,因此不建議使用;而利用1.5倍照明手持式放大鏡可有效增進閱讀效能,則建議使用。 經低視能服務處評估與觀測結果,遠距離視力值為0.01,閱讀字體的需求視難易度在5-8公分,眼球雖有震顫情形,字體經放大後可改善對焦與固視情形(震顫減緩)。 郝小朋友剛開始進行國字學習時,使用擴視機的幫助甚大,可以有良好的機會學習字形,但建議勿完全依賴視覺做學習,應學習利用點字、語音方式保持學習與閱讀,以降低用眼負擔。
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