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長庚紀念醫院 眼科部
近視雷射

但前者常伴有顱內高壓的其他症狀如頭痛、嘔吐等以及相應的神經系統體征。 眼部表現為視力逐漸下降,眼底檢查視盤充血、水腫,明顯隆起,視網膜靜脈擴張紆曲,視野檢查水腫側生理盲點擴大,萎縮側有中心暗點。 CT、MRI等輔助檢查可發現顱內占位病變。 3低眼壓性青光眼由於缺血性視神經病變常有視盤顏色淺,並有視野改變,而且眼壓不高,易被誤診為低眼壓性青光眼。 但是前者發病比較急,視盤生理凹陷不擴大,並有典型的視野改變。

過去因為對泛視神經脊髓炎的不了解,易與多發性硬化症混淆。 若以治療多發性硬化症的方式治療泛視神經脊髓炎,不但沒效反而有害,顯示準確診斷有多重要。 泛視神經脊髓炎的確診並不容易,許多患者都曾歷經各科的各項檢查,仍找不出原因。

視神經炎(optic neuritis)泛指視神經的炎症、退行性變及脫髓鞘等疾病。 根據病變部位不同而分為眼內段的視乳頭炎及球後段的球後視神經炎。 (1)向心性視野收縮:視野形狀不變,僅周圍界限均等地收縮。 常見於視網膜色素變性、青光眼晚期、球後視神經炎(周圍型)、周邊部視網膜脈絡膜炎等。?

偏盲時注視點不受影響者稱為黃斑回避,見於腦皮質後部疾病。 許多眼部疾病及神經系統疾病可引起視野的改變,不同的眼部疾病、不同部位的神經系統疾病所造成的視野改變都有各自不同的特點。 外燴

並糾正酸中毒,同時積極採取各項對症治療,如防治腦水腫,給予大劑量維生素B族藥物及血管擴張劑,必要時予以糖皮質激素,以保護視神經,促進其恢復。 【臨床表現】多為雙眼先後發病,間隔數周,極少數患者兩眼發病間隔可長達一年甚至更久。 表現為突然的視力減退,常降至01以下,並可伴有色覺障礙。 部分患者可伴有痙攣性截癱、癡呆、耳聾、共濟失調等神經系統或全身其他疾病。 絕大多數病人除視力障礙外,一般無其他不適。 4視盤玻璃疣(optic disc drusen)可能由於視盤上未成熟的神經膠質增生變性所致,或視神經纖維軸漿鈣化而成。 視盤玻璃疣大小不等,淺層易見,形如蛙卵,色淡黃或白色,閃爍發亮,透明或半透明。

台灣青光眼約佔總人口 zero.5%,且年齡愈大所佔比率就愈高。 初估台灣應該有十萬人以上患有青光眼,人數可謂相當可觀。 近年來由於高度近視人口比例增加,再加上診斷科技的進步,青光眼的發生率逐漸上昇,且年齡層有年輕化的趨勢。 視神經脊髓炎 是於 1884 年時,由 Eugène Devic 根據臨床所見的 17 個案例,提出視神經脊髓炎的敘述,但當時並未提出診斷方針。 從那時起,醫界將自發性或接近自發性的雙側視神經炎及脊髓炎定義為視神經脊髓炎。
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