Notes

pneumonia
it is inflammation of the lung parenchyma .
تتكون افرازات وتحل محل الهواء فتزيد كثافه الرئه ويكون الاتي
increased sound on auscultation
dullness on percussion
four stages starts with inflammation
1- congestion
hypoxia and acidosis fast breathing
2- red hospitalization
tow days later alveoli sac become full with inflammatory exudates which leads to crepitation on auscultation.
3- gray hospitalization
crepitation and chest indrawing
لان الافرارزات تتحول الي صديد يملا الرئه
4- healing by crisis
1-3 weeks to complete resolution
passage of food particles into the lung caused pneumonia called aspiration pneumonia. Food gastric acid or foreign bodies.
the cause of pneumonia is difficult to determine because direct culture is invasive and rarely performed.
types :
1- lobar = all or large segment is involved/
2- bronchopneumonia= lobular pneumonia= terminal bronchioles = mucopurulent.
3- interstitial pneumonia= process=less confined=interstitium and peribranchial and intralobular tissue .
the most useful classification is etiologic agent or form clinical.
viral pneumonia is more common than bacterial pneumonia.
high fever is associated with bacterial pneumonia.
fever is less prominent in viral pneumonia and more prominent in bacterial pneumonia .
bacterial pneumonia is caused by mycoplasma pneumonia.
s.pneumoniae is the most common bacterial pathogen .
cough wheezing viral
cough dyspnea chills bacterial
community acquired pneumonia :
causative agent pneumococcus .
age less than one year overcrowding Ao
prematurely passive Tobacoo smoke exposure pp
malnutrition indoor fuel exposure mi
immunosuppressant winter season im
the basic diagnostic method is x ray
signs :
flat dullness on percussion except lobar pneumonia
posteroanterior and lateral views support the diagnosis of pneumonia.
viral pneumonia is chara by hyper infiltration with bilateral interstitial infiltrates and peribranchial cuffing .
high sensitive and specific in diagnosis of pneumonia is ultrasonography .
annual vaccines for childern younger than 6 months .
live attenuated vaccine from 2-49 years .
rsv infections can be prevented by use of palivizumb in some high risk pateints .