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眼球運動障礙:動眼、滑車、展神經具有支配眼球眼外肌運動的功能,常稱為 華人百科
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眼球運動障礙對顱底病變、腦幹病變及腦神經病變的定位診斷,具有重要的臨床意義。 後像療法:用強光炫耀旁中心弱視眼的周邊部視網膜,使之產生抑制,同時用黑色圓盤遮擋保護黃斑,使它不受強光的炫耀,然後在室內閃爍燈下訓練提高弱視眼黃斑功能。 但對年齡較大,原始視力差,其他方法治療無效的旁中心注視可以使用。 Duane眼球後退綜合征是一種以水準肌運動障礙、內轉時眼球後退、同時向內上、內下偏斜、瞼裂縮小,外轉時瞼裂變大為特徵並伴有眼部或全身其他異常的先天發育異常的病徵。

兒童配鏡必須注意鏡片的光學中心與瞳距是否相符,還要注意二鏡片的垂直中心是否在同一水平線上。 4.旁中心注視這是一種單眼現象,它和較深的異常視網膜對應點有密切關係。 一方面單眼抑制逐漸加深,而使黃斑中心凹視功能低於黃斑周圍部分,這樣就使視力中心移到黃斑周圍部分,即使遮蓋好眼,斜眼也不能用黃斑中心凹注視,僅能用黃斑周圍部分注視,這就是旁中心注視。 圖14-1直肌止端位置4.下直肌走向同上直肌,附在距角膜緣6.5mm處,腱長5.5mm,寬9.8mm。

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應描述出現眼震時凝視位置、方向和幅度、誘發因素如頭位、伴隨症狀如眩暈等。 3、核間性眼肌麻痹是眼球協調運動中樞橋腦旁正中網狀結構與其聯繫纖維內側縱束病變所致。 MLF連線一側動眼神經內直肌核與對側外展神經核,是眼球水平同向運動。 病變引起眼球協調運動障礙,年輕人或雙側病變常為多發性硬化,年老患者或單側病變多為腔隙性梗死,罕見病因為腦幹腦炎、腦幹腫瘤、延髓空洞症和Wernicke腦病等。

因為眼球運動神經與三叉神經眼支都經過海綿竇外側壁與眶上裂進入眼眶支配眼球運動及前額、眼周皮膚感覺,所以此部位發生病變時出現眼球運動神經與三叉神經眼支一併損害,臨床上稱為眶上裂綜合徵或海綿竇綜合徵,後者早期可有眼球靜脈回流受阻的症狀。 指眼位有上斜傾向,平時籍融合反射控制不現斜位而保持雙眼單視。 【病因】一條或多條垂直肌輕度麻痹;一眼或雙眼內直肌或外直肌附著點較高,也可由於上下直肌或上下斜肌解剖異常及附著點異常。 【臨床表現】有不同程度的視力衰弱,常與用眼有直接關係,也與身體疲勞、全身衰弱有關。 症狀可能與雙眼注視不能維持而發生崩潰有關,有複視模糊,近距工作難以勝任;此外頭痛,眉部疼痛、眼疲勞、閱讀不久字體即感模糊,閉眼稍事休息可緩解,除眼疲勞外還有畏光。 6.融合及立體視障礙融合功能是聯結雙眼視線維持雙眼平行的粘著劑,若一眼出現偏斜,則將失去正常融合功能。
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