Notes

In 1955, Dr. Albert Ellis (1913–2007), an American psychologist and psychoanalyst, developed the rational emotive and cognitive-behavior therapy (REBT). He based therapy on his theory that people held irrational beliefs that affected their emotions and behavior.
Affective component: The affective component refers to a person’s feelings about someone or something. For example, some people love being with young children; and some hate to get drenched in the rain.
Behavioral component: The behavioral component is an action or behavior resulting from a person’s attitude. For example, a claustrophobic person may refuse to use an elevator.
Cognitive component: The cognitive component is a person’s knowledge or belief about someone or something. For example, a person may believe that eating dairy products is unhealthy.
Kurt Lewin (1890–1947) postulated the doctrine of traits, proposing that behavior depends on an individual’s personal attributes such as attitude, motive, value, etc.The classical conditioning theory states that the way we associate two stimuli (even though they may not be directly connected) influences our behavior.The operant or instrumental conditioning theory states that we develop attitudes and behavior according to consequences.The observational learning theory states that we learn behavior and attitudes from people around us, especially people we like or admire, and the media.