Notes

What is Industrial Automation & How it Evolved
What is industrial Automation

Industrial Automation is really a technique by which we make give over human control to machines. In industrial automation machines are developed to accomplish the tasks which human beings utilized to achieve. Why it is done? Because of its advantages:

Through Industrial automation we're able to do mass production with less manpower
Quality from the method is increased
Safety of individual & devices are increased
More accurate process control
Since human intervention is less so reliability in the system is higher
Systems operate is low power source, more electronic control so equipment life's higher
Changes in process logic becomes easier since logics are changed mostly through software

Principal Industrial Automation MNCs

L & T • ALSTOM

Schneider • FESTO

Siemens • Fuji Electric

Allen Bradley • Toshiba

Messung • TATA Honeywell

Modicon • Omron

Mitsubishi • Fanuc

Asia Automation • Delta

How industrial automation control system Evolved?

Initially automation was achieved through manual control, operators used to control the procedure at every step. Human intervention was there each and every step. Drawbacks were substandard quality output, errors involved with human involvement affected compromised safety, wastage of raw material, and accuracy of human action.

Then came Pneumatic Control: Industrial automation within this era was achieved through invention of pneumatic controllers in early 1920s. Automation was achieved by controlling air to pneumatic valves, which were actually switched on/off by relays and switches. Siemens s7 200 were very bulky and changing of the logic was very complex procedure since a great deal of rework was required to accomplish change in logic. So time taken up complete task changes was very high

Hard wired logic control: contactors, relays (for switching), timers and counters (for timing and counting) were chosen for achieving desired industrial automation. But these systems also resulted into bulky panels. A lot of wiring was involved so time delivered to complete task was higher. Defect investigation & troubleshooting was complex.

Electronic Control using Logic Gates: In early 60s electronics dominated the procedure, electronic logic gates were utilised for achieving logical operations. they replaced switching devices like relays and contactors within the control circuits. Electronic times & counters replaced mechanical timers & counters. Due to use of electronics space and energy requirements reduced, maintenance requirement reduced & systems were more reliable.
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