Notes

1. Malware: Malware is malicious software that can be used to infiltrate a network, steal data, and cause disruption. It can be spread through email, websites, and other network applications.

2. Phishing: Phishing is a type of social engineering attack in which attackers attempt to obtain sensitive information, such as passwords, by disguising themselves as a trusted entity.

3. Denial of Service (DoS): DoS attacks are designed to overwhelm the resources of a network or system, making it unusable.

4. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM): MitM attacks are conducted when an attacker secretly intercepts and relays communications between two parties, allowing them to eavesdrop or manipulate the data.

5. Unsecured Wi-Fi: Unsecured Wi-Fi networks provide an easy target for attackers to gain access to a network. By connecting to an unsecured network, attackers can easily gain access to private information and resources.




State and explain 5 different methods used to prevent the threats that networks face

1. Firewall: A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Firewalls can be hardware, software, or a combination of both. They are used to protect networks from unauthorized access, malware, denial of service (DOS) attacks, and other threats.

2. Network Segmentation: Network segmentation is the process of splitting a network into smaller, more secure segments. This makes it more difficult for malicious actors to access sensitive data and systems. Segmentation also makes it easier to detect and contain malware, as well as to detect and prevent insider threats.

3. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are used to detect malicious activity on a network. They can be hardware- or software-based and can be used to detect both known and unknown threats.

4. Antivirus Software: Antivirus software is used to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software from a computer system. It is important to keep antivirus software up-to-date to ensure that it can detect the latest threats.

5. Data Encryption: Data encryption is the process of encoding data so that only authorized parties



Explain how a proxy server works and explain the various roles that a proxy server can take, discussing the ethical issues involved in using such a technology

A proxy server is a server that acts as an intermediary between a user’s computer and the internet. It is used to route traffic between different networks, or to provide access to a network that is otherwise inaccessible. The proxy server acts as a gatekeeper, allowing or denying requests to access certain websites and services based on the user’s IP address or other criteria.

Proxy servers can take on several roles, including:

1. Caching: A proxy server can be used to store frequently requested information, such as webpages, images, and other files. This reduces the amount of bandwidth used by the user and can improve performance.

2. Filtering: A proxy server can be used to filter out unwanted content, such as malicious websites and programs, or to block access to certain types of websites or services.

3. Anonymity: A proxy server can be used to provide a level of anonymity, by hiding the user’s IP address and other identifying information. This can be used to prevent tracking and monitoring of the user’s online activities.

The ethical issues involved in using a proxy server depend on the role that it is being used for. For example, using a proxy server to