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Montesquieu = division de los poderes (ejecutivo, legislativo, judicial) -> garantiza la libertad ya que no se cumple el principio de libertad si el poder ejecutivo y legislativo se concentran en una sola persona (se delimita claramente la independencia del poder judicial en cuanto a los dos otros -> evitar la tirania
Constant, Principios de politica = apoya a la democracia liberal (proteccion de las libertades del individuo); critica del autoritarismo; oposicion a la soberania absoluta
Declaracion de independencia de los estados unidos 1776 = derechos inalienables (vida, libertad, felicidad) + derecho de revolucion y de levantamientos
crecimiento de la poblacion mundial a partir de mediados del siglo XVIII en las zonas mas desarrolladas del mundo (Europa y América del norte)
Thomas Mann = voluntad de mantener igualdad ante la ley de todos los ciudadanos (libertad de prensa, de industria y de comercio)
REVOLUCIONES LIBERALES
independencia de los estados unidos 1776
revolucion francesa 1789
cortes de cadiz 1812
revoluciones de 1820 (Espana con el retorno de fernando VII)
revoluciones de 1830 (monarquia de julio en Francia)
revoluciones de 1848 (llegada de la segunda republica en Francia)
unificaciones (Alemania e Italia)
CAPITALISMO INDUSTRIAL
derechos de propiedad individual y privada
descentralizacion
demanda y oferta
division del trabajo y economia monetaria
papel central del capital (inversiones, desarrollo empresarial)
captalismo = sistema economico -> organizacion social
industrializacion = nueva forma del capitalismo (innovaciones tecnicas, nuevas fuentes de energia)
despotismo = absolutismo y arbitrariedad
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