Notes

Does exposure to casino-related sounds and images influence gamblers' choices during a real-time gambling task?
Casinos are places where gamblers can play. It is not unusual to see dealers, gamblers and bouncers at casinos. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the noise of casinos on the attitudes of gamblers. This paper is partially composed in response to the article by Jack C. Moore's "Gambling and its Social history" that is available in the Journal of the American Medical Associations Vol. 83, Issue 3, pp. 815-819, and which used quantitative methods to analyze the impact of noise on negative attitudes toward gambling.

This study investigated the effects of casino-related sounds and red lights however, not the presence of a casino-goer on perceptions of casino-oriented behavior. The study employed an within-subject study that involved participants performed a gamble task while being monitored for response time. We also looked at the effects of red light by itself and red light mixed with white noise. The results showed that there was a notable primary effect of red light (faster reaction time), but there was no significant effect of white noise (a slower reaction time) and this suggests that it had little influence on attitudes that were negative. These results can be interpreted as the following: In a situation where players are exposed to casino-related sounds as well as red light, those who are more susceptible to these external influences could be more likely to act in a casino-oriented manner.

This paper also addresses the issue of casinos that offer both losses and rewards. In order to be able to understand the ways in which changes to these variables may affect the attitudes of customers towards gambling, it is important to be aware of how the incentive system in a casino operates. In this paper we argue that both reinforcements, positive and negative, can be crucial in increasing the likelihood that people will select specific strategies and to keep them in the long run. Specifically we suggest that changes in the magnitude of the casino's rewards and losses, as reflected by the amount bet and the possible rewards and losses both affect people's propensity to choose a strategies for gambling A over B.

We next explored the relationship between red light and decision-making time in a situation where players were exposed to gambling-themed sounds and images. We also found the primary impact of the red light on reaction time, which was determined by the speed with which participants selected their strategy. However, there was no main effect of the red light on profitability or the payout.


To investigate the relationship between incentives and deck selection more deeply we conducted an experiment where participants were randomly given two decks, one printed in black and the other with red. Prior to the task of gambling we instructed participants to think of an image that provokes a strong emotional reaction, such as an image of war or the scene of a crash. We explained to the participants they'd be asked to choose a card from each of the decks immediately after the decks were presented. In this moment, it is hard to think of how any rational person could have concluded that deck was more advantageous.

Of course there are a myriad of factors that contribute to the outcomes of casino-related sounds and images. The results revealed that gamblers were more likely to employ more risky strategies and play more strategically using the images and sounds. In addition, the effect of these manipulatives grew to the extent of knowledge about gambling in casinos as we observed that expert gamblers exhibited more strategic and less preoccupied decisions when performing the same task. The results show that gambling-related knowledge and confidence can be enhanced through exposure to stimuli that are based on gambling.

Our previous research also revealed that participants were more willing to gamble and expected to win more cash on the Iowa gambling task. Since exposure to the same stimuli can increase the likelihood of winning in the future, this study indicates that the expectation of winning results in more decision-making power and hence larger bets on the next gambling event. This is why the results of this study suggest that even the presence of a casino-themed sound or image leads to more effective decision-making.

These results made us think that players would be more greedy and take more risk. Specifically, we predicted that there was a significant variation in the amount of money that the player bets and the amount that the player would take home. It was evident that there was a substantial group-to-group difference in this item 1; the mean percentage of players who bet the mean amount of money (i.e. the mean casino money) was higher in the simulation group than in the non-Simulation group. 안전놀이터

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