Notes

Science Skills:
1. Make observations
2. After making observations, identify the problem and create a testable question.
3. Construct a hypothesis
4. Conduct the Experiment (Control Group is needed to compare results)
5. Collect data
6. Draw a conclusion

Microscope:
Diaphragm: used to control how much lighting is passing through the specimen.
Coarse Adjustment:moves the specimen and objective lenses closer and farther apart.
Fine Adjustment:Same thing as coarse but only moves a very small distance.

Molecules:
Organic Compounds contain carbon atoms that are bonded together to form more carbon atoms (ex. hydrogen and oxygen)
Molecules: two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Macromolecules: a long chain of monomers
Monomers: one unit or one building block.
Polymers: many repeating monomers joined together

Four Basic Biomolecules:
Carbohydrates: include sugars and starches(complex carbs)
Functions: Quick energy, acts as storage and structure
Monosaccharides are the building blocks
One Sugar
EX. Glucose and Fructose
Disaccharides: double sugar/ formed when two monosaccharides are joined
Sucrose(Glucose and Fructose), Lactose
Polysaccharides: chains of simple sugars
Functions: storehouse of energy
starch-made by plants
glycogen- made by animals
Structural Support- Cellulose (made by plants)
Lipids: fats
Functions: long term source of energy (stored in bonds)
Important part of the cell membrane
Insulation
Building Block; glycerol and 2 fatty acids
Saturated fats: single bonds(solid)
Unsaturated Fats: double bonds(liquid)
Proteins:
Functions: structural
EX. Enzymes
Building Blocks: Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids:
Function: help cells replicate and build proteins
Building Blocks: Nucleotides
EX. DNA /RNA
Shape: Double helix/single

Chemical Reaction:
Reactants: a process that changes chemicals to another
Product: sum or the result
Plants get energy by trapping and storing the energy from sunlight and animals get energy when they consume plants/animals
Energy-Absorbing: products have more energy then reactants
Energy-Releasing: products have less energy then reactants
ATP: compounds that cells use to store and release energy
Autotroph: make their own food
Heterotroph: consume other living things
Photosynthesis: the conversion between light energy into chemical energy(Takes place in the chloroplast)
Pigment: absorb all color but the visible color
Chlorophyll: the light-absorbing pigment in plants (radiation): (ABSORBS: BLUE-VIOLET AND RED REGIONS)(DOES NOT ABSORB GREEN REGIONS WELL)
Chemical Reaction of Photosynthesis: 6H2O + 6CO2 > 602 + C6H12O6 / Water plus carbon >light> sugars and oxygen