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I. Gregor Mendel
A. July 22, 1822 - January 6, 1884
B. A monk now known as "The Father of Genetics"
II. Worked with pea plants to learn about heredity
- produce a large number of offspring
- short life-cycles
-humans have too many traits and long lifespans= not good for study
III. Mendel's Observations
- First, Mendel crossed purebred short and tall plants (P generation)
-All the F1 offspring were tall (100 %0
- He then crossed 2 offspring from the F1 generation
- He observed 75% tall and 25% short plants in the F2 generation
IV. Genes and Dominance
A. Law of Dominance: Mendel discovered that some alleles of genes are dominant over others.
B. Dominant genes are represented with a capital letter, recessive genes with a lower case
Tall= T short= t Purple= P white= p
C. The way the trait physically appears is called it's phenotype (tall, short, white, purple)
Genotypes
D. Each gene pair can be the same:
TT or tt
or different Tt
E. The pairs that are the same are called pure or homozygous
F. The pairs that are different are called hybrid or heterozygous (HETEROZYGOUS IS DOMINANT -capital letter)
G.The way the genes appear is called the genotype
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