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REPRODUCTION
A. Sterility and ways to overcome sterility
1. Sterility is the inability to reproduce.
2. A man may be sterile because his testes do not produce enough sperms, or his sperms may not be able to reach an ovum in the fallopian tube.
3. A woman may be sterile because she fails to ovulate or there is a blockage in her fallopian tube, preventing the ovum and sperm from fusing.
4. Taking nutritious food which is rich in vitamins E and minerals may help to overcome the problem of sterility.
5. Hormone treatment is used to increased sperm or egg production.
6. Surgery is used to correct problems such as blocked fallopian tubes or blocked sperm ducts.
7. In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) can be used to help infertile couples conceive. In IVF, the eggs are mixed with sperms in culture dishes. Fertilisation occurs in the culture dishes. The culture dishes are incubated for a several days for the fertilised eggs to develop. The embryo is then inserted into the woman’s uterus where implantation takes place.
B. Birth control or contraception
1. the birth control methods prevents ovulation, fertilisation and implantation of fertilised ovum.
2. preventing ovulation:
a. contraceptive pills contain the sex hormones of the women which prevent ovulation by changing the states in ovary.
3. preventing fertilisation:
a. natural method - which also called the rhythm method does not use any contraceptive devices. Married couples avoid copulation during the fertile period.
b. Condom – is a thin rubber sheath worn over the penis to prevent sperm from entering the uterus during ejaculation.
c. Diaphragm – is a tin rubber cap fitted at the cervix of the woman to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
4. preventing implantation of the fertilised ovum:
a. intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is inserted into the uterus to prevent the fertilised ovum from implanting in the uterine wall and prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
5. sterilisation is a permanent contraceptive method.
6. Ligation (tubectomy) – the cutting and tying of both the fallopian tubes of the woman so that the ovum cannot be fertilised by any sperm.
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