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xx= female xy= male
II. Sex-linked traits
A. First discovered by T. Morgan in fruit flies in 1910 (Drosophila melanogaster)
B. He figured out that the gene for white eyes was carried on the X chromosome
-Gene Linkage
Thomas Hunt Morgan noticed that some traits appeared to be inherited together (gene linkage)
- concluded that chromosomes, not genes sort independently during meiosis
- also concluded that due to crossing over, some chromosomes may exchange homologous genes during meiosis causing more diversity.
C. The human X chromosome carries many genes whose mutated forms cause several diseases: hemophilia, cleft palate etc..
D. Human's carry genes for color vision on the X chromosomes.
III. Sex-linked Punnett squares
A. Hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome and is sex linked.
B. Make a key:
XX (capital Hs)= normal female
XX (one lower case h)= female carrier
XX (lower case hs)= female with hemophilia
XY (capital H on X)= normal male
XY (lower case h on X)= male with hemophilia
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