Notes
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Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Quick Ratio = (Current Assets – Inventory) / Current Liabilities
Cash Ratio = Cash / Current Liabilities
Net Working Capital = Net Working Capital / Total Assets
Internal Measure = Current Assets / Average Daily Operating Costs
Percentage of Debt to Asset Formula = Long Term Liabilities ⁄ Total Assets x 100%
Debt to Equity Ratio Formula = Total Liabilities ⁄ Total Equity
Total Debt Ratio = (Total Assets – Total Equity) / Total Assets
Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Total Equity
Equity Multiplier = Total Assets / Total Equity
Long Term Debt Ratio = Long Term Debt / (Long Term Debt + Total Equity)
Times Interest Earned = Earnings before Interest & Taxes / Interest
Cash Coverage Ratio = (Earnings before Interest & Taxes + Depreciation) / Interest
Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory
Days’ Sales in Inventory = 365 days / Inventory Turnover
Receivables Turnover = Sales / Accounts Receivable
Days in Accounts Payable = Accounts Payable / COGS / 365 days
Days’ Sales in Receivables = 365 days / Receivables Turnover
Net Working Capital (NWC) Turnover = Sales / Net Working Capital
Fixed Asset Turnover = Sales / Net Fixed Assets
Total Asset Turnover = Sales / Total Assets
Profit Margin = Net Income / Sales
Return on Assets (ROA) = Net Income / Total Assets
ROA = NI/Sales * Sales/TA
Return on Equity (ROE) = Net Income / Total Equity
ROE = NI/Sales * Sales/TA * TA/ Equity
ROE = (Net Income / Sales) x (Sales / Assets) x (Assets / Equity)
Price to Earnings Ratio = Price per Share / Earnings per Share
Market-to-Book Ratio = Market Value per Share / Book Value per Share
Cash Flow Solvency Ratio Formula = Actual Cash Flow from Operations ⁄ Total Liabilities
Cash Flow Margin Ratio Formula = Actual Cash Flow from Operations ⁄ Revenues from Sales
Cash flow ROA Ratio Formula = Actual Cash Flow from Operations ⁄ Average Total Assets
Average Collection Period = 365 / AR turnover = 365 / (rev/ AR)
Gross profit margin = gross income / sales
Operating profit margin = operating income / sales
Net profit margin = net income / sales
Cash flow margin = Operating CF / Sales
Cash conversion cycle = days inventory outstanding + days sales outstanding – days payable outstanding
EPS = [NI – Preferred Stock Dividends]/[Shares of Common Stock]
Days Inventory = Inventory/COGS x 360 = days’ worth of inventory on hand
Days Payable = AP/COGS x 360 = time to pay suppliers
Days Accrual = Accruals/COGS x 360 = average time it takes to pay employees
OBE = TOE / Gross profit as a % of sales
PV = Total cash flow/(1+discount)^yr
Discount (hurdle) rate = Cost of capital (including inflation) + risk
Sources and uses of cash
Cash flow from operations = Revenues - COGS - Op Exp
Cash flow from investment = Inv income - Acq of Space, R and D, Equipment...
+ Equity investment
+ Loans
- Repayments
- Dividends / owner withdrawals
Cash flow from financing = Equity Inv + Loans - Repayments - Dividends
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