Notes

Mid-Term Exam Review
All multiple choice questions are taken from The American People.

1. The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves located where?
All southern states On September 22, 1862, Lincoln had issued a preliminary proclamation that he would order the emancipation of all slaves in any state (or part of a state) that did not end their rebellion against the Union by January 1, 1863.
2. What was the attitude of blacks towards whites during the Civil War as victory grew closer and closer?
3. What was to dominant emotion among whites immediately following the Civil War?
4. What were the "black codes"? Black codes were laws passed in the southern united states. These laws limited the rights of African Americans to work, move, and to have general activities.

5. How successful was the Freedmen's Bureau?
6. What was the attitude of the freedmen to education following the Civil War?
7. Characterize the federal government's policy towards the Native Americans during the late eighteenth century?
8. What was the Dawes Act? The Dawes Act of 1887 broke up Indian reservation land into smaller, privately held pieces. This was different that the communal way the Indians were used to living.

9. What were the beliefs of Native Americans who followed the Ghost Dance movement?
10. What was the philosophy of New South advocates?
11. What was Plessy v. Ferguson? Plessy versus Ferguson was a Supreme Court case in 1896. It ruled that blacks could have separate, but equal public facilities. It was overturned in 1954 by Brown versus the Board of Education.

12. Who were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois?

in full Booker Taliaferro Washington (born April 5, 1856, Franklin County, Va., U.S.—died Nov. 14, 1915, Tuskegee, Ala.), educator and reformer, first president and principal developer of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (now Tuskegee University), and the most influential spokesman for black Americans between 1895 and 1915. in full William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (born February 23, 1868, Great Barrington, Massachusetts, U.S.—died August 27, 1963, Accra, Ghana), American sociologist, the most important black protest leader in the United Statesduring the first half of the 20th century. He shared in the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909 and edited The Crisis, its magazine, from 1910 to 1934. Late in life he became identified with communist causes.
13. What were "Jim Crow:" laws? in U.S. history, any of the laws that enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of the formal Reconstruction period in 1877 and the beginning of a strong civil rights movement in the 1950s. From the late 1870s, Southern state legislatures, no longer controlled by carpetbaggers andfreedmen, passed laws requiring the separation of whites from “persons of colour” in public transportation and schools
14. What was the Bessemer process? the first method discovered for mass-producing steel. Though named after Sir Henry Bessemer of England, the process evolved from the contributions of many investigators before it could be used on a broad commercial basis.

15. What was the Turner Thesis? Frederick Jackson Turner, (born November 14, 1861, Portage, Wisconsin, U.S.—died March 14, 1932, San Marino, California), American historian best known for the “frontier thesis.” The single most influential interpretation of the American past, it proposed that the distinctiveness of the United States was attributable to its long history of “westering.” Despite the fame of this monocausal interpretation, as the teacher and mentor of dozens of young historians, Turner insisted on a multicausal model of history, with a recognition of the interaction of politics, economics, culture, and geography. Turner’s penetrating analyses of American history and culture were powerfully influential and changed the direction of much American historical writing.


16. What were the consequences of industrialization?
17. Who were the "new immigrants"? southern and eastern Europe. Increased after 1880.

18. What was the social-ethic of late-nineteenth century America?

The social ethic which prevailed in the late nineteenth-century American stressed that economic success was available to anyone who worked hard

19. What were the employment realities of white and black women during this time? How were they different?
20. What was Social Darwinism? the theory that persons, groups, and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection as Charles Darwin had perceived in plants and animals in nature. According to the theory, which was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the weak were diminished and their cultures delimited, while the strong grew in power and in cultural influence over the weak. Social Darwinists held that the life of humans in society was a struggle for existence ruled by “survival of the fittest,” a phrase proposed by the British philosopher and scientist Herbert Spencer. believed that the process of natural selection acting on variations in the population would result in the survival of the best competitors and in continuing improvement in the population. Societies, like individuals,

21. Who was Jane Addams? (born September 6, 1860, Cedarville, Illinois, U.S.—died May 21, 1935, Chicago, Illinois), American social reformer and pacifist, cowinner (with Nicholas Murray Butler) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1931. She is probably best known as the founder of Hull House in Chicago, one of the first social settlements in North America.


22. What was the social gospel movement? Social Gospel, in American history, a religious social-reform movement that was prominent from about 1870 to 1920, especially among liberal Protestant groups dedicated to the betterment of industrialized society through application of the biblical principles of charity and justice. Especially persuasive of the movement’s views were the works of Charles Monroe Sheldon (e.g., In His Steps; “What Would Jesus Do?”; 1897) and Walter Rauschenbusch (e.g., Christianity and the Social Crisis; 1907).Labour reforms—including abolition of child labour, a shorter workweek, a living wage, and factory regulation—constituted the Social Gospel’s most prominent concerns.

23. What were urban bosses?
24. Did President Harrison or Cleveland support the annexation of Hawaii?
No, because he leaerned that it didn’t support the 1st term of Cleveland.
25. What was the role of the "four Ps" in influencing American foreign policy?
What began the Spanish-American War? The Spanish–American War was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, the result of American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. American attacks on Spain's Pacific possessions led to involvement in the Philippine Revolution and ultimately to the Philippine–American War.[8]
On April 25, 1898 the United States declared war on Spain following the sinking of the Battleship Maine in Havana harbor on February 15, 1898. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898. As a result Spain lost its control over the remains of its overseas empire -- Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines Islands, Guam,