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Ayasofya adındaki "aya" sözcüğü "kutsal, azize", “sofya” sözcüğü ise herhangi bir kimsenin adı olmayıp Eski Yunancada “bilgelik” anlamındaki sophos sözcüğünden gelir. Dolayısıyla “aya sofya” adı “kutsal bilgelik” ya da "ilahî bilgelik” anlamına gelmekte olup Ortodoksluk mezhebinde Tanrı'nın üç niteliğinden biri sayılır. 6. yüzyılın ünlü bilim adamları, fizikçi Miletli İsidoros ve Trallesli matematikçi Anthemius'un yönettiği Ayasofya’nın inşaatında yaklaşık 10.000 işçinin çalıştığı ve I. Justinianus'un bu iş için büyük bir servet harcadığı belirtilir. Bu çok eski binanın bir özelliği, yapımında kullanılan bâzı sütun, kapı ve taşların binadan daha eski yapı ve tapınaklardan getirilmiş olmasıdır.
Hagia Sophia (/ˈhɑːɡiə soʊˈfiːə/; from the Greek Αγία Σοφία, pronounced [aˈʝia soˈfia], "Holy Wisdom"; Latin: Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia; Turkish: Ayasofya) is a former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal basilica (church), later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum (Ayasofya Müzesi) in Istanbul, Turkey. Built in 537 AD at the beginning of the Middle Ages, it was famous in particular for its massive dome. It was the world's largest building and an engineering marvel of its time. It is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and is said to have "changed the history of architecture".
From the date of its construction in 537 AD until 1453, it served as an Eastern Orthodox cathedral and the seat of the Patriarch of Constantinople, except between 1204 and 1261, when it was converted by the Fourth Crusaders to a Roman Catholic cathedral under the Latin Empire. The building was later converted into an Ottoman mosque from 29 May 1453 until 1931. It was then secularized and opened as a museum on 1 February 1935. It remained the world's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years, until Seville Cathedral was completed in 1520.
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