Notes

The government of the Roman Republic. There were, at the top, the magistrates (quaestor, aedile, praetor, consul [plebs could only first become consuls in the 360s], censor) and the Senate (who served as advisors to the consul). When someone completed their term as a magistrate, they would enter the Senate for the rest of their lives.

The government also had four assemblies, three comitia and one council. There was the Centuriate Assembly, dividing the citizens by centuries and electing praetors, consuls and censors. There was the Tribal Assembly, dividing the citizens by tribes and electing quaestors, aediles and tribunes. The final one was the Curiate Assembly, which originally elected consuls in the Roman Kingdom (the only elected magistrate at the time), but when the Republic was created, most of its power went to the Centuriate and Tribal assemblies, and later only conferred elected magistrates their imperium (authority) and authorized adoptions. Next, there was one council (the Plebeian Council). Whereas a comitia was open to all Roman citizens, only specific groups could join a council. In terms of the Plebeian Council, only plebs could join (thus excluding patricians).

The final part of the Republican Roman government was the Tribunes. The most important tribunes were the Tribune of the Plebs and the military tribunes.