Notes

Volleyball Notes

History
Volleyball was invented by William Morgan in 1895. The Governing body for the sport is the Federation De International Volleyball(F.I.V.A). The playing area is called a court; it measures 60ft in length and 30ft in width. The court is divided into two(2) equal halves by the net. Each half is divided into a receiving and attacking area( front court and back court). The high of the net is seven feet(7ft) for junior girls and seven feet six inches(7ft 6in) for junior boys and women, eight feet(8ft) for senior boys and men.

Local History
The Roman Catholic monks are believed to have introduced the game to the Bahamas. In 1963 the first organized league was formed. In 1965 the first National Team played in Jamaica. In 1982 Tom “The Bird” Grant became the first Bahamian to be certified internationally as an international referee.
Some outstanding Bahamian playersinclude; Deacon Lou Adderley, Celestine Albury, Leonard Archer, David Bullard, Jackie Conyers, Joseph Demeritte, John Ferguson, Jan Mortimer and Hattie Moxey. The New Providence Volleyball Federation(NPVF) is the governing body in the Bahamas.

The Game
The game of Volleyball is played between two(2) teams of six(6) players. There are six(6) playing positions on the court.
Right Front(RF) Center Front(CF) Left Front(LF)
Right Back(RB) Center Back(CB) Left Back(LB)
The game is started with a coin toss to determine which team will serve first. The player in the Right Back(RB) position serves, the service takes place from anywhere behind the end line. The server is always the Right Back(RB) player. The server is allowed five(5) seconds after the referee whistle to serve the ball. The game is played in sets, a match consists of three(3) to five(5) sets. The first team to reach 25 points and have a two(2) point advantage over an opponent wins the set. For example 25 – 23. The Rally Point Scoring System is used to score. Points are scored when a team makes an error/mistake. Side Out is called and the opposing team gets the ball and a point. After a side out the team getting the ball to serve, rotates one position clock-wise before serving the ball. A legally played ball that strikes the net and crosses over the net is still in play. A ball that touches the top of the net on the serve and lands on the opponents’ side is a good service. A ball that is hit and lands on the boundary lines is considered to be on the court. A player may leave the court to play the ball once the ball had not come into contact with any object that is outside the playing area or court. No player may hit the ball twice in succession excluding the block, no player may reach under or over the net to play the ball. Teams exchange courts at the end of each set and in the middle of the third(3rd) and fifth(5th ) set. During play the ball may be hit three(3) times on each side of the net.

Skills
Skills used in the game are:
Flick/Setting Bumping/Forearm Passing Serving
Blocking Dink Dig
Spike

Types of Serving
Underhand Serve Overhand Serve Jump Serve

Types of Passes
Forearm Pass(bump) Overhead Pass(flick) Dig(one arm pass)
Terminology
Game Point: When a team needs only one(1) more point for a win.
Rotation: Process of changing position on the court in a clock wise direction.
Double Fault: Both teams commit a fault at the same time(simultaneously).
Spike: A ball hit with strong downward force into opponents court.
Attack: An attempt by the offensive team to end the rally by hitting the ball to the floor of the defensive teams’ court.
Kill: An attempt not returned by defense.
Dig Pass: A pass made with the hand slightly cupped or with the fist of one hand, usually on a difficult play.
Ace: A serve not returned by the opposing team.
Side Out: When the serving team loses the rally and the receiving team gets the ball and the next service attempt.
Free Ball: A ball returned by the opposing team that cannot be attacked and instead is passed over the net.
Block: A defensive play by players in the forward position who place their hands and arms above the net so that a spiked ball rebounds into the opponents’ court or back to their own.
Dink: A soft shot hit with the fingers.
Time Out: The temporary suspension of play.
Spike: known as a smash. They are played close to the net when the ball Is high in the air. The player must jump and hit the ball as hard as he can so that it smashes down on the other side of the net.
Flick: a way of playing the ball with two(2) hands. It is used when the ball is high in the air and you play it before it drops down. You use your finger tips to push the ball. You must be careful not to slap, palm or carry the ball. If you do it makes a noise as you hit the ball. A good flick is almost silent.
Bump: another method of playing the ball with two(2) hands. To bump you must be behind the ball and wait for the ball to drop in the stomach and waist levels. You place palm over palm with the strongest hand on top. Put the thumbs together and pull the wrist in towards each other. Watch the ball, position your body then take a step towards the ball and bend your knees so that you get under the ball. Bring the arms up gently and play the ball off the lower forearm. After hitting the ball keep your arms pointing towards where you want the ball to go. Do not bend your elbows or the ball will go backwards.
Serve:A serve can happen anywhere behind the backline. Prior to serving you must wait for the referee to blow the whistle. Once the whistle is blown, the server has eight(8) seconds to serve the ball. You must release the ball from your hand before you serve it and you only have one attempt. The ball must go over the net on the serve. Once you have hit the ball you may step back onto the court and continue to play.

Officials
A volleyball game should have 5 officials. They are:
Referee: Is the chief official in the game. He can over-rule the others. He stands at the side of the net by the sideline on a high desk or chair, this is so he can see the court clearly. He blows the whistle to start each play and decides who should win each point. He also watches the sideline on his side of the court.
Umpire: Is sometimes called the second referee. He stands on the ground on the opposite side of the court to the referee by the sideline, under the net. He watches for players crossing the center line. He also watches his sideline.
Scorer: This person keeps the official score by writing it in the scorebook. He/She also makes sure the players stay in the correct rotational order. He/She sits at a desk behind the umpire.
Linesman: They stand level with the backline so they are in a good position to see when the ball is out, they signal to the referee with their hands.
The Coach: Is not an official or a player, he selects his team and them motivates and encourages his team to play well, he corrects things they do wrong. He sits on the bench with the assistant coach. The bench is on the same side of the court as the umpire and scorer.
Important Points
• The hands should be no higher than the shoulders when a player is bumping.
• A setter should have flexible wrists.
• A server should make contact with the ball on an underhand serve with the hand open, using the heel of the hand as the hitting surface.
• A team can request a time out anytime the ball is dead.
• The winner of the coin toss has first serve.
• The serving position is Right Back(RB).
• When a team gains the serve a team rotates.
• A team has three(3) hits to get the ball over the net.
• The bump/forearm pass is most often used to receive a serve.
• A team must win by two(2) to complete a set. Meaning the score should be 25 – 23.


Bahamian Basketball History


In 1934, Brother Christopher Foster, an American priest, serving at the Priory on West Hill Street, which today is the site of St. Francis Xavier’s Cathedral, introduced basketball to a large group of Bahamian men. Basketball had been played in the Bahamas before that, but it was mainly played by American men in the military, who were stationed in Nassau.
The game quickly became very popular and by 1935, young men throughout Nassau were flocking to The Priory to learn the skills needed to join in the organized game being played. Father Foster also believed that participation in the game of basketball helped to bring more discipline and order to the lives of the young men who played.
The Game continued to develop in the Bahamas, especially through the parish Churches’ where leagues for men and women were established. When Brother Foster was called to work in a mission outside the Bahamas, Father Marcian Peters took over and continued the development of Basketball in New Providence. He founded a district league that had 40 teams in it.
Eventually in 1962 the Bahamas was able to become a member of the Federation of International Basketball Associations(F.IB.A), which is the international body that controls basketball worldwide.
The games are organized and controlled in the Bahamas by the Bahamas Amateur Basketball Association(B.A.B.A), which today has branches in New Providence, Grand Bahama, Andros, Eleuthera, Exuma, Long Island, Abaco, Bimini and Inagua.
Much of the success of the association is accredited to Mr. Vince Ferguson who was the President of the B.A.B.A from 1965 to 1985. During this time, the Bahamas started to travel and enter international competitions. Over the years several Bahamians have been drafted to play in the N.B.A. Teams in the United States, the first was Mycheal “Sweet Bells” Thompson(1978-1990), more recently Rick Fox(1991-2004) who played for the Los Angeles Lakers. Dexter Cambridge(1992) to the Dallas Mavericks, Ian Lockhart(1990) to the Phoenix Suns, Eric Gordon() to the Los Angeles Clippers, and Klay Thompson() to the Golden State Warriors.

 
The History of Basketball
In 1891 the game of Basketball was invented by James Naismith. It was invented in Springfield, Massachusetts and the primary purpose for its’ invention was for Business Men to remain active during the Winter months. The peach basket was the first type of basket to be used before it was modified to an 18inch wide rim. A basketball bladder was the first type of ball to be used then the first official basketball was created by A.G. Spalding.

The Game of Basketball
Once the game begins the players have to move the ball up and down the court, and this is done by passing and dribbling the ball.
Dribbling: This means the player uses a series of one-handed taps on the ball which causes it to bounce on the floor. Dribbling requires skillful play in order to keep the ball under control and in your possession. A good dribbler can use both hands equally to so that he/she can switch the ball easily. He uses his fingers to control the ball not the palms and bounces the ball no higher than waist level.
Passing: Good passing is needed in basketball in order for your team to keep possession of the ball and be able to move the ball into a scoring position. Passing is the quickest way to move the ball and therefor a good option on offense in order to catch the defense off balance. There are four(4) basic ways we pass the ball in basketball, they are:
• Chest Pass - This is the most used pass as it is quick and easy. It is a two-handed pass thrown from the chest that goes a short distance.
• Bounce Pass - This is another short distance pass often used when being closely guarded, it can be throw with one or two hands.
• Overhead Pass – This is a two handed pass used to send the ball high in the air over a defensive player.
• Baseball Pass - This is a one handed pass thrown from the shoulder. It is used for long distance passes and should be thrown hard with lots of power.
Violations associated with dribbling and passing the basketball are: Travelling, Double Dribble, Carrying, 3 sec violation, 5 sec violation, 8 sec violation.


GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE GAME
Start of the Game
The game begins with a jump ball. This means the referee throws the ball up high in the center circle between a player from each team. The players jump and try to tip the ball to their team and the game begins.

Scoring
Points are scored in the game when a live ball enters and passes through the rim. A different number of points is awarded depending on what type of score you make. A free throw gets one point. A three(3) pointer gets 3 points. Any other field goal gets 2 points.

Starting Line-up Position
Five(5) players are on the starting line-up of a basketball team. Two(2) Guards, Two(2) Forwards and One(1) Center. The other players on the team sit on the bench with a coach who subs players in and out of the game. You are allowed to have twelve(12) players on a team roster.
Length of a Game
The length of the game depends on which rules you are using. If you are playing 4 quarters periods of 12 or 8 mins and if you play 2 half periods it’s 20 mins each.
Officials
The game is controlled by a referee and two assistant referees. The referee is the chief official of the game.
Fouls
IF you break the rules when playing the referee calls founds against you. In International play if you receive five(5) fouls you are out of the game. At the NBA level if you receive six(6) fouls you are out of the game.
Important Points
• The size of a basketball court is 94ft or 84ft long and 50ft wide
• The height of the rim is 10ft.
• The point guard controls the pace of the game.
• Types of Defenses: Man-to-Man, 2-3 zone, 3-2 zone, 1-2-2 zone, 2-2-1 zone, 1-3-1.
• Types of Fouls: Personal foul, Technical foul, Flagrant foul, and Offensive fouls
• Types of shots: Layup/Dunk, Set Shot, Jump Shot.
• Pivoting: When a player steps one or more times in any direction with the same foot.
• Travelling: A player runs or makes more than two steps before dribbling the ball or after they pick up the dribble.
• Double-Dribble: A player picks up the dribble of the Basketball and starts dribbling again before passing or shooting it.
• Sweeping the Board: Means Rebounding.
• The best position for a defensive player to maintain is staying between the opponent and the basket.