Notes

actants for photosynthesis? 6 carbon dioxide and 6 water / overall REACTIONS are carbon dioxide, water, and light
What is a granum? Thylakoids arranged in stacks.
What are photosystems? Clusters of chlorophyll and proteins which are essential to the light-dependent reactions.
Which scientist traced the chemical path that carbon follows from glucose? Melvin Calvin
Where does the Calvin cycle take place? stroma
What are pigments?what plants gather the sun's energy with (light absorbing molecules)
What are thylakoids? Saclike photosynthetic membranes interconnected and arranged in stacks called grana
Where does the light-dependent reaction take place? Thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast
Where are photosystem I and II found? Thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast
What is the function of ATP synthase? It’s a cluster of proteins that span the thylakoid membrane and allow hydrogen ions to pass through it; the large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bond ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP
What are the products of the light dependent reaction? NADPH and oxygen
What is the first process in the light dependent reaction? Photosystem 2
Where does the Krebs cycle occur? Matrix of the mitochondria
What is the product of glycolysis? 4 ATP total, 2 pyruvic acid
What is the 6 carbon compound that is a reactant of glycolysis?glucose
What process produces the most ATP? ETC in cellular respiration
After strenuous exercise, what molecule can form in the muscle cells? Lactic acid fermentation
What begins the process of the Krebs cycle? 3 carbon pyruvate, oxygen
What does the term “aerobic” mean? It requires oxygen
What does the conversion of lactic acid back to pyruvic acid require? oxygen
What is produced in the aerobic breakdown of glucose? Water
What is another name for the Krebs cycle?Citric Acid cycle
What processes are not anaerobic? Krebs Cycle, ETC
How many ATP are used during glycolysis? 4 made, 2 are used
What contains the most energy, ATP or ADP? ATP
How many phosphates does ATP contain? 3
How many carbon atoms does a molecule of pyruvic acid contain?3
How does cellular respiration release energy, by breaking down? It’s a process that produces energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose and other molecules in the presence of oxygen.
In eukaryotes, where does cellular respiration take place? mitochondria
The products of photosynthesis are used how in cellular respiration? reactants in cellular respiration
The ETC uses high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to produce what? To convert ADP into ATP
What substance (think energy) is needed to begin the process of glycolysis? ATP
What passes high-energy electrons into the ETC? NADH and FADH2
What is the stroma?Where calvin cycle takes place, fluid portion of the chloroplast, outside of the thylakoids or small opening in the epidermis of a plant that allows carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the lead.
What is NADP+? (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules
What is photosynthesis? Process used by autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates as sugars and starches.
What is the Calvin cycle? The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar
What is the basic source of energy for all cells? ATP, but sunlight for everything
What reactions produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH? Light-dependent reactions
Priestley:
Using a candle and a car, he observed that plants produce a substance that kept the candle burning.
Van Helmont:
Plants gain most of their mass by taking in water.
He measured the mass of the soil in which a plant grew
Ingenhousz:
Plants need sunlight to produce oxygen
He observed plants exposed to light