Notes

.1 D
2.A
3.D
4.A
5.A
6.C
7.C
8.B
9.C
10.B

international trade
logistics- being able to track goods
vommunication
payment
transport



a)Loss of property- if there are civil wars in the country then there will be a loss of property
loss of contracts- similar to the above contracts may be lost if there is any political upheaval
expropriation of assets- assets may be expropriated by changes in government policy. For example, a MNC may invest in a developing country, however the governments may increase the minimum wage of workers, making it more costly for MNC's
repatriation of profits- there may be restrictions on the repatriation of profits by the MNC

WAN
Geographically dispersed and cannot be controlled. eg. internet

LAN
controlled. Located within a specific geographical region eg. intranet, school or university
C)
Systems development life cycle involves planning, analysis, design, development and implementation. Implementation occurs at the last stage of the SDLC. Implementation involves file conversion, implementation, testing and training.
d)
Reliance on supplier- JIT has the disadvantage of being heavily dependant on suppliers as it often entails a single sourcing strategy.
External shocks- By relying on JIT this introduces a new umbrella of external shocks. For example transportation delays may occur, which then holds up the supplier delivering the goods to there customer.
Customer service- Customer service and strong relationships with customers may be damaged if goods are not delivered just in time
Brand- If JIt is not met this may compromise the brand of the product
Quality- Quality is defined as the features and characteristics which meets the customers needs. If goods are not delivered just in time then ultimatley the customers needs is not being met and quality is being threatened.

e) Communication- Communication has improved international trade.
Online Shopping- Online shopping involing the use of the internet has expanded international trade. The use of friendly easy to navigate websites and price comparisons makes online shopping friendly and easy to do.
Payments- safe and fast payment channels such as paypal has facilitated international trade, as customers have confidence and trust that there details are protected.
Marketing
Virtual supply chains

f) Kotter and schelsinger identified Manipulation and Implicit/ explicit coercion
Manipulation would occur where management have suggested that someone may be fired if they do not participate. Manipulation would raise ethical issues as it is not morally nor ethically correct to manipulate someone to gain participation.

Negotiation
Negotiation in the context of systems implementation occurs when managers have suggested that the employee may be able to leave work half day as a result of participating. Whilst negotiation enables speed it is ethically wrong as it conflicts with Hr policies surrounding contractual hours and obligations of workers.