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• Cells are specialized for one function and, thus, can perform it better.
• Organisms can grow to a large size while maintaining the advantage of high surface area to volume ratio within the individual cells.
• The life of a multicellular organism does not depend on a single cell. If one cell dies, others replace it.
A disadvantage of the multicellular organism is that sometimes one type of cell can function abnormally and spread this abnormality to the entire organism. One example is cancer.
2. Cells that perform specialized functions are similar in that they contain the same genetic information.
3. The terms in order of increasing complexity are tissue, organ, and system.
4. Answers will vary. Examples of tissue include nerve tissue, muscle tissue, and connective
tissue. Examples of organs include skin, heart, liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines. Examples of systems include the circulatory system, digestive system, and nervous system.
5. The shoot system consists of everything that is above the ground, such as the stem, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruit.
6. The root system consists of everything that is below ground, such as roots and root hairs.
However, the root system can also include aerial roots, which appear above the ground.
7. A tuber is part of the shoot system even though it is below the ground.
8. Meristems are growth areas in plants where cell division occurs. The work of meristems over many years result in producing the large size of trees.
9. The three main types of plant tissue are
• dermal tissue: the outer layer of cells that covers all non-woody plants and is responsible for the exchange of matter and gases
• cuticle: the thin waxy coating on the leaves of plants that protects the plant from micro-organisms and reduces water loss due to evaporation
• ground tissue: tissue—found beneath the epidermis and making up most of the plant— that provides strength and support for the plant, is the location for storage of food and water in roots, and is the site of photosynthesis in leaves
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