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*Crystalline structures:
*Amorphus: In the liquid state atoms and molecules show little order
*On the crossover to the solid this unordered state remains (amorphous) or crystalline or even semicrystlline strucures develop
*Crystalline arrangemen: chains of atoms (or molecules) that repeat periodically with a characteristic symmetry
Nuckeation of single and polycrystals ==> Nucleus ==> One crystal lattice with ONE specific orientation
==> Several Nuclei ==> Crystal lattices with specific orientations (polycrystal), grain boundaries
between crystallites
*Single crystal processing,
1895 = Develoment of X-ray = Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen = 1901 won first nobel physics prize
1912 = Max V. Laue = Development of x ray diffraction
1914 = Bragg Family propose Bragg's equation = For the fist time, atomic distances in crystals can be determined quantitavely = n.lambda = 2.d.sina
CHARACTERIZATION OF CRYSTALS
* Crystals are characterized by the smallest structual unit, the unit cell
* There exists 14 Bravais lattices, that image the different crystal symmetries
*most simple = cubic lattice, most complicated = triclinic lattice
Simple cubic = Polonium / Body centered cubic = Ferrite, tungsten, vanadium / Face centered cubic = Austenite,aluminium, nickel
Tetragonal Lattice
Hexagonal Lattice
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