Notes

Social Studies period 4
Mrs. Windmann
Notes
Colonists
By: Dante’ Helming

Marco polo
Marco polo traveled to china with his dad. When marco polo got back somebody wrote a book about him. This inspired others to explore.
Spain starts an empire
Christopher columbus is an italian sailor who is working for the spanish. The king and queen of spain sponsored the voyage.
Mistake: Christopher columbus thought he arrived in the indies so he named the people there indians. Taino indians were the native people of san salvador. He explored the caribbean. America claimed all of the caribbean's for spain.

Columbian exchange
It was the exchange of items between europe and the americas.
-plants: corn, potatoes, squash.
-animals: domesticated
-diseases(killed 90% of the native population.)
-people(settlers, Slaves)
Slavery comes to america
Slavery started with indians.
African traders traded other africans to europeans.
Slavery has been around since ancient times.
Slavery came to america through the columbian exchange later called the triangle of trade.
Cortes conquers mexico
Hernan Cortes conquered the aztec empire. Conquistadors (Spanish soldiers). Smallpox helped conquer the aztecs. The spanish claimed mexico and made it the capital city.
Pizarro conquers peru
Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca empire. Smallpox killed mosta Inca so it was easy to take over. The spanish conquered all of South america.
Spanish Borderlands
Found an abundance of gold and silver in South America so they looked north for more.

Florida
Florida set up a colony called st. augustine.
Seven cities of cibola
Claimed new land for the spanish coronado expedition. They found there the pueblo indians.
Setting the borderlands
Tx, Nm, Az, Ca, Fl spanish borderlands. Presidios: Forts.
Catholic Missionaries
Catholic Missionaries: They worked to convert the indians to be catholic. Convert: Change beliefs.
New france
They went to the new world for riches. Riches: Fur. Unlike the spanish the French didn't give land to anyone.
The starving times.
Winter was bad. 440 people died. Ate dogs rats humans. Supply ships came in the spring. John Smith and Pocahontas were in england.
New nether lands
The colony was started by the west indian CO. Motivation looking for the northwest passage. Located the mouth of the hudson river. They have a business relationship with the indians.

New amsterdam becomes new york
English did not recognize the dutch colony. The english took over amsterdam and named it new york.

Introduction
Indentured servant: He would have to settle his debt by working for several years for the master who bought his services. Kids had to serve until they were 21. Adults had to work for 3 to 6 years. Economy: the way a society organizes the manufacture and exchange of things of value, such as money, food, products, and services.

The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies
Reasons people settled in colonies:
Profit
Religion
Set up for people who wanted to pay off their debt
Mercantilism: an economic policy in which nations tried to gain wealth by controlling trade and establishing colonies.


The new england colonies
The first settlers came to the americas for religious freedom, They had long cold winters and the region was rocky and hilly wilderness. New Englanders built their economy on small farms, lumbering, fishing, shipbuilding, and trade.
The Middle Colonies
The environment has rich soil along with valleys and wooded mountains. They raised crops and livestock. Lumbering, shipbuilding and other occupations. They all came for religious freedom.
The Southern Colonies
The soil and the hot, wet climate were ideal for growing tobacco, rice, and other cash crops. Broad rivers and vast wetlands.
5.1
Patriots vs. Loyalists
Patriots: people who believed they had the right to govern themselves.
Loyalists: people who felt a great loyalty to britain.
The french and indian war
It was named the french and indian war because the french and indian fought together against the indians. Another name for the war was the seven years war.
They were fighting the war for land and power. The albany plan was an idea that the colonists should fight against the french and indians. And the colonists said no.
Early british actions in the colonies
Colonists can’t settle past the mountains. Indians can’t cross the mountains. Colonists were already settled past the mountains. Colonists considered this an act of tyranny. King sent 7,500 troops to force the act.
Stamp Act
British in debt, b/c paid for the french and indian war. Colonists had no represent in parliament. They had a famous slogan no taxation without representation. The act was repealed because of protest.
Quartering Act
They had to provide housing to british soldiers along with basic needs. The assemblies refused. British gov't said colonial assemblies were not allowed to meet unless they obeyed the act.
The Townshend acts
Tax on everyday items such as glass, paint, paper, and tea. Tax paid for the army in colonies. Boycotted british goods that were taxed. Women made clothes, teas and other products, plus refused to purchase british goods. Sons of liberty: Patriots who organize protest. Townshend act repealed except for tax on tea. British gov't lost money because of boycott.
The boston massacre

The atmosphere in boston was full of tension. Boston is considered an area of trouble for the british. Patriots started a riot, taunting the british soldiers, rocks were thrown. The british think they're in danger so they fired. Samuel Adams viewed the massacre as a way to increase anti-british sentiment. John adams defended british with a plea of self-defence.
The boston tea party
After the boston massacre It was calm. To rescue the british east india company from failure. British tea w/ taxes was the cheapest product to buy. British tea was the only tea allowed to be bought and sold (Monopoly).
Tea ships arrive
Sons of liberty dressed as mohawk and destroyed the shipment of tea. Patriots response believed the best day of protesting. British just stood there and watched.

The Intolerable Acts
The king's main focus was to control the colonies. Intolerable acts were laws
Closed the boston harbor.
Gouv’t of mass under british control.
British soldiers accused of a crime were tried in england.
More soldiers were sent to the colonies to enforce laws.
Colonies send aid to boston. Call for a meeting of all colonies to find a way to piece. Patrick Henry encouraged delegates from the colonies to meet. Send a message of respectful comments to the king. Continued boycotts. Committees of Patriots ensured colonists boycotted goods. Each colony set up a militia or minutemen who were ready to defend their colony from british troops.
Lexington and Concord
King refused to listen to colonists and declared them rebellious. The first blow was at lexington. Spy told the british general that colonists were hiding weapons at concord. British sent troops to concord to get weaponry. A shot from nowhere prompted a battle between colonists and british troops. The second blow was at concord. British set fire to concord searching for weapons. Colonists wait for British troops at the north bridge. British retreated, colonists followed and fought them. Colonists will fight for their rights and die for them.